In fact, only one source of carbon that is isotopically light and available in large enough quantities has been pinpointed so far, this is
the reservoir of methane hydrate deposits (Figure 2) buried on the continental shelves of the oceans (Figure 3).
The Department of Energy said it also has the potential to eventually unlock massive
reservoirs of methane hydrates that are believed to exist under the ocean floor of the Gulf of Mexico.
Although the overall rate of methane production in ocean sediments is fairly slow, over millions of years, substantial
reservoirs of methane hydrate have accumulated in the world's ocean margins.
Not exact matches
Trapped in ocean sediments near continents lie ancient
reservoirs of methane called
methane hydrates.
A release
of 500 Gton C as
methane (order 10 %
of the
hydrate reservoir) to the atmosphere would have an equivalent radiative impact to a factor
of 10 increase in atmospheric CO2...........
re 454 wili —
of course, introducing additional feedbacks like vegetation albedo (boreal forests replacing tundra) and
methane hydrate / clathrate, etc, could concievably make it runaway — again, limited by C
reservoir and land area / latitude ranges (and some places would probably see a surface albedo increase).
Even if most
of this will probably not escape in any eventuality, I think it's very important to determine as soon as possible whether we're talking about one well with a bad cement job, one well with
methane hydrate melting around it, failure
of containment
of most wells in Bovanenkovo (which after all will all have much the same conditions at the top
of the
reservoir), or failure
of containment
of most wells in the Yamal Project.
Hydrates should be seen as a seal blocking the flux
of methane from underlying
reservoirs, and not the total source
of gas in themselves.
Outstanding examples
of the latter include, in addition to the examples
of SRES and ice sheets above, authors» avoidance
of any estimates
of carbon cycle feedbacks involving tundra or
methane hydrate reservoirs; and avoidance
of estimations
of the degree
of implementation
of adaptation capacity under particular circumstances.
The US Department
of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory has issued a solicitation (DE-FOA-0000891) for up to $ 20 million in funding for projects that focus on the following three technical topic areas: (1) characterization
of methane hydrate deposits; (2) response
of methane hydrate reservoirs to induced environmental change; and... Read more →
«According to the Clathrate Gun Hypothesis (Kennett et al., submitted) episodic atmospheric CH4 emissions resulting from instability
of the marine sedimentary
methane hydrate (clathrate)
reservoir contributed significantly to the distinctive behavior
of late Quaternary climate on orbital (Milankovitch) and millennial time scales.
So,
hydrates are highly concentrated deposits
of methane compared to free gas
reservoirs, at least for gas
reservoirs located above a few km
of burial.
Interest in high - latitude
methane and carbon cycles is motivated by the existence
of very large stores
of carbon (C), in potentially labile
reservoirs of soil organic carbon in permafrost (frozen) soils and in
methane - containing ices called
methane hydrate or clathrate, especially offshore in ocean marginal sediments.
The sedimentary
methane hydrate reservoir probably contains 2 — 10 times the currently known reserves
of conventional natural gas, as
of 2013 [update].
A release
of [500/7.5 = 66.7] Gton C as
methane (order [10 % / 7.5 = 1.3 %]
of the
hydrate reservoir) to the atmosphere would have an equivalent radiative impact to a factor
of 10 increase in atmospheric CO2......
In the 2008 U.S. government (Climate Change Science Program) assessment on abrupt climate change, the authors stress the uncertainty
of the size
of the
methane «
hydrate reservoir» but say a dramatic abrupt release appears «very unlikely».