Sentences with phrase «resistance genes as»

The restricted sequencing depth will thus affect the statistical power of detecting less abundant resistance genes as well as assessing the frequencies of chromosomal mutations known to cause resistance.

The metagenomics were searched for qnr - like resistance genes as follows.

Some transgenic crops contain antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers that were used during the process of transgene construction.

Researchers led by Gautam Dantas have found evidence that soil bacteria do not share drug - resistance genes as often as infectious bacteria.

«If you think of the conjugative transfer of resistance genes as bacterial sex, you have to think of tetracycline as the aphrodisiac,» she says.

Enhanced ouabain resistance gene as a eukaryotic selection marker.

Not exact matches

By adding these new genes, genetic engineers hope the plant will express the traits associated with the genes, such as resistance to certain diseases or herbicides.

In particular, the PTPRF gene, which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are usually triggered by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface, may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.

«We think that the garter snake's evolved resistance to the newt's toxin can be used as a model for understanding complex adaptations that involve more than one gene,» McGlothlin said.

«We're also looking at as many genes as possible in the wild banana and screening them to identify other resistance genes, not only for resistance to TR4 but to other diseases.»

Specifically, they have found unnaturally high levels of antibiotic resistance genes in sediments where the river comes into contact with treated municipal wastewater effluent and farm irrigation runoff as it flows 126 miles from Rocky Mountain National Park through Fort Collins and across Colorado's eastern plain, home to some of the country's most densely packed livestock operations.

They note that targeting inflammation to treat infections offers an advantage over antibiotic therapy, as the former hinders gene transfer and the evolution of pathogens, while the latter promotes bacterial evolution and, ultimately, antibiotic resistance.

Bacteriophages, or viruses that infect bacterial pathogens, may also act as vectors of virulence or of antibiotic resistance genes, ultimately making bacterial disease worse for the host.

The more diverse the genes of the MHC, the more effective it is at conferring disease resistance, and in a variety of animals individuals with diverse MHCs are more likely to be chosen as a sexual partner.

The answer is important because sludge bacteria are much more likely to thrive and spread their resistance genes once the sludge is discharged into rivers (in treated wastewater) and onto crop fields (as slurried fertilizer).

As a marker for successful insertion, the researchers also put a gene encoding antibiotic resistance into the plasmid.

But they also collected wild relatives of chickpeas in southeastern Turkey that hold «great promise,» von Wettberg says, as a source of new genes for traits like drought - resistance, resistance to pod - boring beetles, and heat tolerance.

While Wright was not surprised that the bug would carry such genes as antidotes to its own weaponry, he was startled to see that the antidote genes were nearly identical to the resistance genes in vancomycin - resistant enterococcus (VRE), the scourge of American and European hospitals.

The researchers found that the gene conferring drug resistance has spread among bacteria in China, where colistin is widely fed to livestock as a prophylactic.

The sequences provide researchers access to 96 percent of all peanut genes and provide the DNA map needed to more quickly identify and genetically tag genes that confer desirable traits, such as drought - and disease - resistance.

In experiments on cell cultures, both of these inhibitors succeeded in breaking various forms of the TKI resistance: including forms caused by additional mutations of the gene Bcr - Abl as well as those caused by large quantities of the protein Gab2.

As millions of tons of fishmeal are used every year with much of it sinking uneaten to the ocean floor, Jing Wang and colleagues wanted to see what its impact could be on the mariculture «resistome,» or collection of resistance genes.

Bacteria expressing enzyme in one cell (bright green), while genetically identical cells do not, remaining protected from antibiotic onslaught; image courtesy of Yuichi Wakamoto / Neeraj Dhar / John McKinney Some strains of nasty bacterial infections, such as MRSA (methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus), come loaded with resistance to antibiotics built right into their genes.

«We found that as more «mixing» occurs between local dust and that which comes from far off, the lower the contribution of the imported antibiotic resistance genes.»

And the shared map implies that genes for important characteristics, such as disease resistance, photoperiodism, drought tolerance, storage proteins and the like, can be plucked direct from one genome and applied in another.

While the increase in EPSPS gene copies has created a nonsustainable way of controlling kochia with glyphosate - only programs, Jugulam said this resistance was evolved as the result of continuous use of glyphosate and the lack of herbicide diversity in controlling this weed.

Researchers have been tracking the spread of artemisinin - resistant parasites first by looking for signs in patients, and later by using multiple mutations in the parasite's Kelch13, or K13, gene, as molecular markers for resistance.

The researchers found that S. aureus acquired the gene that confers methicillin resistance — mecA — as early as the mid-1940s — fourteen years before the first use of methicillin.

The researchers also found genes in these isolates that confer resistance to numerous other antibiotics, as well as genes associated with decreased susceptibility to disinfectants.

By comparing differences in the gene that confers antibiotic resistance, as well as other pieces of DNA, the team determined that 70 % of their samples included just five bacterial strains.

As a team of researchers from four European countries and South Korea report in Science today, a gene the group dubbed ethA2 is normally inactive in M. tuberculosis, so the bacteria hasn't had a chance to develop resistance to it.

However, as Wilson explains: «The genes necessary for resistance are often activated only when required (i.e., when the antibiotic is present in the environment), and so - called leader or signal peptides play an important role in this process.»

The researchers then observed how the frequency of resistance genes changed over six generations of mosquitoes — a process, biologists refer to as «microevolution.»

That's because gut phage from mice treated with one drug carried high levels of genes that confer resistance to different drugs, which means that the phage could serve as backup when bacteria must find ways to withstand a variety of antibiotics.

Bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic either as the result of a spontaneous mutation or by picking up an appropriate «resistance gene» (which codes for a protein that confers resistance) from another bacterium via genetic exchange.

Simply incorporating the gene, known as Bt, into a plant gives it resistance to pests, without requiring periodic spraying by the farmer.

«If we can figure out which genes influence where fat is deposited, it could help us understand the biology that leads to various health conditions, such as insulin resistance / diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease.»

While antibiotic resistance genes are not harmful in themselves, they limit the use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections and pose a serious threat to global public health if they get transmitted to humans from environmental sources, such as compost.

Previous research by Professor Keevil and Dr Warnes has proved copper's efficacy against norovirus, influenza and hospital superbugs, such as MRSA and Klebsiella, plus stopping the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria to create new superbugs.

That background makes it important to characterize «both the natural occurrence of the antibiotic - resistance genes and the anthropogenic load, and where those genes come from, and it's good to do it in a quantitative way,» as Pruden's team did for the South Platte, says Joakim Larsson of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, who has tracked antibiotics and resistance genes in India and Sweden.

The impatient gene It's long been known that evolution sometimes happens very quickly — as in the development of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria — but the discovery that lizards on two islands in Croatia evolved significant differences in body type and social structure in the span of fewer than forty years is shocking enough to warrant publication in a top - shelf journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.

Dana Kolpin of the US Geological Survey in Iowa City says that the findings highlight the complex issue of antibiotic - resistance genes, which will continue to be of concern as treated effluent becomes more widely used in regions that have scarce water resources.

With a human strain showing widespread resistance as well — and the fact that pandemic viruses may arise when avian and human strains swap genes — makes it even less appealing, says Bright.

But because some of the genes could indicate pathogenic characteristics — such as resistance to antibiotics — the researchers want to learn more about the potential health implications, and whether other buildings house similar biofilms.

The sequencing data was sent to Georgia Tech, where doctoral student Maria Juliana Soto - Girón matched the sequences against known bacteria — and genes that have known effects, such as virulence and antibiotic resistance.

As well as Zika virus, the team has also used SHERLOCK to detect antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and health - related gene variants in human salivAs well as Zika virus, the team has also used SHERLOCK to detect antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and health - related gene variants in human salivas Zika virus, the team has also used SHERLOCK to detect antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and health - related gene variants in human saliva.

As a result, most possess only a single disease - resistance gene.

The backers hope that this genetic information will lead to identifying genes for draught, disease, and pest resistance as well as tolerance for poor soils.

The researchers also identified genes responsible for important traits such as disease resistance, wood formation, and stress response; they did not, however, find any genes for ruining presidential golf games.

Under these conditions, natural selection may be favoring genes that confer resistance to disease, such as AIDS and malaria, or enhance reproductive fitness in other ways, researchers said in a report in Science.