The resulting measurement model thus consisted of four constructs; externalizing symptoms (BASC - Ext combined score), anxiety symptoms (BASC - Anx combined score), and adherence (DMS - Teen and DMS - Parent) and HbA1C (A1C score).
Not exact matches
Millan, a UCI graduate student researcher in Earth system science, and his colleagues analyzed 20 major outlet glaciers in southeast Greenland using high - resolution airborne gravity
measurements and ice thickness data from NASA's Operation IceBridge mission; bathymetry information from NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland project; and
results from the BedMachine version 3 computer
model, developed at UCI.
Their refined
results enabled modelers to produce earthquake
models that are more consistent with observed subsidence
measurements seen in today's instrumented earthquakes.
The
resulting kinetic energy data of the 4D
model fits well with observed
measurements, in comparison with previous
models (shown with the purple and green symbols) without special assumptions.
By comparing recent
measurements with
results from new
models, the network challenged the long - debated assumption that the Sun's slight change in radiation could cause Earth's climate to change.
To investigate, researchers developed mathematical
models to predict the dynamics of cell transitions, and compared their
results with actual
measurements of activity in cell populations.
The researchers compared
results from a
model called GFDL - AM3 to ozone
measurements from monitoring stations over the course of the last 35 years, from 1980 to 2014.
There are
models that predict what these
measurements would be, but experimental
results are always needed to prove that what we think we know is actually right.
Published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society in July, the paper discusses the challenges faced by both the
measurement and
modeling communities, ways to overcome them, and the
resulting benefits.
Researchers used 10 years of atmospheric site
measurements, confirming those
results using a cloud - resolving computer
model.
Then they tested the
model results using the comprehensive ground and aircraft
measurements gathered during the 2006 Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations in Mexico City.
This relatively new and still emerging way of seeing depends on taking MRI
measurements with conventional millimeter - scale resolution, and developing theoretical
models to interpret the
resulting data in terms of changes occurring at the scale of microns.
The scientists cross-checked
model results against a wide range of actual
measurements in various northern countries.
Dargaville, R.J., et al., 2002: Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle
models with atmospheric CO2
measurements:
Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land - use effects.
The Finnish Meteorological Institute has participated in research to estimate, based on climate
model results and
measurements, the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be released into the atmosphere without passing the climate warming limits set by the Paris Climate Agreement.
«We developed and implemented new
modeling approaches based on laboratory
measurements to include shielding of toxics by organic aerosols in a global atmosphere
model that
resulted in large improvements of
model predictions,» said PNNL scientist Dr. Manish Shrivastava.
The ileostomy
model seems to give reliable
results for in vivo
measurement of RS.»
The
results show that the current
measurement model can be used to construct a NAPLAN online
measurement scale.
The failure to compare the
model's
results to actual
measurements before making pronouncements is a huge problem.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0628.1 In our discussion exploring the (very minor) differences in
results when using different datasets we said: - «Dataset creation approaches that infill missing data areas may give overconfidence to climate changes in regions where there are no direct
measurements, when compared with
model simulations that have data in those regions.»
The lines of evidence and analysis supporting the mainstream position on climate change are diverse and robust — embracing a huge body of direct
measurements by a variety of methods in a wealth of locations on the Earth's surface and from space, solid understanding of the basic physics governing how energy flow in the atmosphere interacts with greenhouse gases, insights derived from the reconstruction of causes and consequences of millions of years of natural climatic variations, and the
results of computer
models that are increasingly capable of reproducing the main features of Earth's climate with and without human influences.
Refining the
model to obtain «better»
results can only be directed by prejudice concerning what is «better» because there is no
measurement standard for global temperature.
For example, the representation of UHE in the
model can be tested by calculating with and without temperature
measurements on the outskirts of urban areas, and then comparing the
results at those locations.
Satellite
measurements match
model results apart from in the tropics.
As a
result, satellite estimates of sea levels involve the use of complex
models, approximations, other
measurements and calculations.
At the end is like pretending you can detect a milligram change in weight using a balance with a precision of one kg, you only need to use many balances,
model the
measurements for a hundred years and show a mean ensemble of the
results without error bars and a very obtuse wording.
Data from in situ
measurements made at high - altitude stations in the HKH region, observations from satellitebased instruments, and global climate
modeling study
results are discussed.
As this new peer reviewed study concludes, the
models being used to predict sea surface temperatures for the tropical Pacific have produced
results that have standard deviations of some 200 % stronger versus observed
measurements since the Super El Niño of 1997/98.
Model estimates are in satisfactory agreement with the
measurement results.
The
resulting best - estimate temperature data product for Lauder is expected to be valuable for satellite and
model validation as
measurements of atmospheric essential climate variables are sparse in the Southern Hemisphere.
Based on
measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a
model simulating the terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the forests and fields across Europe as a
result of extreme heat and drought.
Nearly all physical
measurements that are collected in large quantities are based on
models relating some output (usually electrical current or voltage) to some input, and the
model results are evidence of the quantity of the measured attribute.
(They claim that the agreement between the wind calculation and climate
model results disproves sond
measurements!)
All «evidence» to the contrary is simply
model results, that are incapable of replicating the actual
measurements.
These
model results have had quantitative confirmation in independent satellite
measurements of outgoing infrared spectrum (Harries 2001, Griggs 2004, Chen 2007).
Last year, the GCF came up with an initial logic
model and performance
measurement framework for ex post REDD +
results - based payments.
In addition to treating cloud transmission based only on the
measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the
results from other satellites and weather assimilation
models can be used to estimate atmospheric UV irradiance transmission throughout the day.
To determine how much ice and snowfall enters a specific ice shelf and how much makes it to an iceberg, where it may split off, the research team used a regional climate
model for snow accumulation and combined the
results with ice velocity data from satellites, ice shelf thickness
measurements from NASA's Operation IceBridge — a continuing aerial survey of Earth's poles — and a new map of Antarctica's bedrock.
The lack of
measurements of these species in the convective outflow region does not allow us to evaluate the
model results with observations.
The researchers then evaluated the
model results against those field campaign
measurements, data from satellites, and ground - based observations.
When the history of this AGW fiasco is finally written one of the most interesting questions will be why the community chose the surface statistical
model results over the satellite
measurements, as the thing to be explained?
However it is instructive as it found that direct
measurements on real humans gave far different
results than those taken from various
models — which can be taken as a caution to anyone using any
model.
As a
result the most those papers can do is attempt to quantify the effects on
measurements such as
model TCR and
model trends using air temperatures for land and ocean and comparisons with the observed using blended temperatures.
As a
result, it is not surprising that the fit between
models and
measurements during the first half of the 20th century is not perfect.
Part Six — Visualization — where you can see the
model results of downward longwave radiation in a known temperature / humidity profile through the atmosphere compared with the actual
measurements of downward longwave radiation.
This would quite obviously introduce wider uncertainty in the negative correlation between
results of
measurements and
models.
Normal, non-ideology-based scientists question the veracity of the CRU — IPCC flavoured
results just because the JBM camaraderie - based group did refuse to honour such requests and people ask the following question: why, if both the empirical
results — the raw data (including the nitty - gritty details of the temperature
measurements) AND the theoretical
model - based machinery are above board and the overall climatological picture of a man (n)- made warming is pretty much a safe bet, why then would some AGW researchers like the JBM gang refuse to accept that they, too, have got to conform to normal scientific procedure and release the raw data and the details of the theoretical machinery used to understand those data?
Our
results, simulated with a radiative - photochemical
model, are consistent with contemporaneous
measurements of ozone from the Aura - MLS satellite, although the short time period makes precise attribution to solar effects difficult.
The difference between
modeled and observed TSI might be the
result of underrepresented weak magnetic fields in the Carrington rotation synoptic charts, an uncertainty in the TSI
measurement, or a decline of the global temperature of the photosphere.
«There's no tropospheric hot spot» Satellite
measurements match
model results apart from in the tropics.