Sentences with phrase «retinal neurons»

The newest version of the photoswitch is fast enough to turn the activity of retinal neurons on and off at a rate that approaches video rate of 30 frames per second.

Cells isolated from human umbilical cord tissue have been shown to produce molecules that help retinal neurons from the eyes of rats grow, connect and survive, according to Duke University researchers working with Janssen Research & Development, LLC.

Now, an Australian team reports evidence that the computations take place in retinal neurons called ganglion cells (Science, 29 September, p. 2347).

But the studies were handicapped by the fact that no one knew which retinal neurons exactly do the math.

Another unexpected discovery, Dyer said, was the point during development when the immature cells transition from making new tissue by dividing rapidly, to differentiating into a mature retinal neuron.

As these factors can exert protective effects on retinal neurons [52]--[56] and neurons in other neurodegenerative disease models [49], [57], [58], it seems likely that these substances may contribute to the latent photoreceptor cell survival we observe in the dystrophic retina.

Analyzing the data revealed surprises about the epigenetic processes of retinal neuron development, Dyer said.

The implant features an array of fractal electrodes designed to stimulate retinal neurons.

«In the future we are hoping to manipulate these cells to replenish any lost retinal neurons, either in diseased or physically damaged retinas,» he noted.

«Regenerative potential of cells in mouse retina: Researchers use a clue from zebrafish to discover the cues that reprogram Müller glia into retinal neurons.»

Earlier research from Reh's lab showed that in newborn mice, Müller glia can be directed to become retinal neurons by activating a transcription factor called Ascl1, which in turn activates a suite of genes involved in regeneration.

Blue - stained melanopsin - containing retinal neurons connect with the brain's clock (dark blue).

We found that RGCs are the sole retinal neuron that express TRPV4, a pressure - sensitive channels that is permeable to calcium ions.

Reber, F., Geffarth, R., Kasper, M., Reichenbach, A., Schleicher, E. D., Siegner, A. and Funk, R.H. Graded sensitiveness of the various retinal neuron populations on the glyoxal - mediated formation of advanced glycation end products and ways of protection.

These described early changes in glaucoma associated with the neurochemistry of the retina and optic nerve and the persistence of retinal neurons long after those changes occur.

Our data suggest that in - vivo reprogramming of terminally differentiated retinal neurons is a mechanism of tissue regeneration (Sanges et al., Cell Reports 2013).

We have shown that upon activation of Wnt / b - catenin signalling, mouse retinal neurons can be transiently reprogrammed in vivo.

The focused, long - term effort of the Catalyst For a Cure continues to discover new mechanisms involved in the loss of retinal neurons which could open new therapeutic targets — and serves as a national role model for effective research.

A team from the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital — Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project (PCGP) has mapped the intricate changes in the «epigenetic» organization of the nucleus to determine how retinal cells transition from immature cells to mature retinal neurons.

This receptor - ionophore complex is well established as playing a significant role in excitotoxic damage to retinal neurons [38,40,70].

The new undifferentiated cells fuse with the retinal neurons and these acquire the ability to regenerate the tissue.

In a developing fetus, she surmised, those phone calls would reach groups of nerve cells in the LGN; as their synaptic connections with the retinal neurons strengthened, the LGN neurons would begin forming «area codes» of their own.

In an experimental setup that allowed the two types of cells to bathe in the same fluid without coming into physical contact, retinal neurons in a bath with hUTCs formed new connections between neurons called synapses, and they sprouted new «neurites» — tiny branches that lead to additional connections.

Overproducing the mRNAs in the fly retina, the researchers found that the longer the CGG repeat, the greater the neurodegeneration of retinal neurons.

«These cells somehow sense that they are needed, and begin to differentiate into cells that could take on the job of retinal neurons,» Young comments.

The genes were targeted for the retinal neurons missing their own light receptors.

In research published this week in the Journal of Neuroscience, University at Buffalo scientists and colleagues focused on a particular protein, called a transcription factor, that regulates gene activity necessary for the development of one type of retinal neuron, the horizontal cells.

Summary: Protection of retinal neurons that die in glaucoma is a fundamental therapeutic strategy, but one that remains elusive.

The retinal neurons rely on their supporting cells, such as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, to provide them with the fuel to meet their energy needs.

I hope that through research we can find ways to protect the retinal neurons from gradual death, and thereby preserve vision to improve AMD patients» quality of life.

Theses landmarks are then recognized by growth cones at the tip of axons — the projections that grow out from the retinal neurons and into the brain.

These pseudostratified neuroepithelia then give rise to all retinal neurons and we want to understand which neurons are born at which location and time in development.

Thus, hNPCctx have the capacity to secrete endogenous growth factors of known importance for the maintenance and survival of retinal neurons, as well as the ability to constitutively express transgenes encoding selected neurotrophins.

By combining neuronal tracing with behavioral experiments leading to sensory - driven gene expression of the neuronal activity marker ZENK during magnetic compass orientation, we demonstrate a functional neuronal connection between the retinal neurons and Cluster N via the visual thalamus.