Sentences with phrase «retinal photoreceptor cells»

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cone - rod dystrophy (CRD) are collective terms for two broad forms of progressive, bilateral degenerative diseases that affect the retinal photoreceptor cells.

The RPE is a single layer of cells lining the back of the retina that is vital to the functioning of the retinal photoreceptor cells, and thus vision itself.

A new gene therapy treatment has restored some sight in a handful of blind patients suffering from Leber's congenital amaurosis, a syndrome in which, because of a broken or missing gene called RPE65, retinal photoreceptor cells malfunction and eventually die.

Not exact matches

Similar patches and treatments have already been tested against the «wet» form — in which blood vessels invade and destroy the retinal pigment epithelial cells that nourish and support the photoreceptor cells that capture light.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells that accomplishes multiple functions, such as providing survival molecules that prevent photoreceptors from dying.

It first targets a protective lining called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which shuttles nutrients to the photoreceptor cells and is vital for their survival.

These findings have suggested the development stages at which to transplant cells — for instance, photoreceptor cells need to be relatively more mature than stem cells, according to Thomas Reh, who studies retinal development at the University of Washington.

«This is important because the death of photoreceptor cells is known to cause retinal degenerative diseases in humans that lead to blindness.

Isacoff, Flannery and UC Berkeley colleagues have developed several optogenetic techniques for restoring light - sensitivity to surviving retinal cells other than the photoreceptors.

In normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eye.

Bypassing damaged retinal cells The light - sensitive photoreceptors made by the rod and cone cells in the retina also belong to the GPCR class.

Recent evidence suggests that the entraining photoreceptors are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to the SCN.

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

These vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells and carry away waste products.

The researchers injured the mice retinas with a toxin that causes cell death in retinal ganglion cells and interneurons, another type of retinal cell whose job it is to transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

«Because degradation of photoreceptors is believed to be a major factor in retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis, this finding, that horizontal cells are necessary for the normal survival of photoreceptor cells, is novel and significant,» says Mu.

«Many retinal diseases are manifested by the degeneration of photoreceptor cells.»

However, both Goldberg and Albini agreed there is no evidence that this kind of therapy could have treated the patients» sight problems even if carried out correctly and only sparse evidence that adipose cells can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelium or photoreceptor cells, which play a critical role in macular degeneration.

Retinal ganglion cell axons (arrowhead), RPE (arrow), and rod photoreceptors (stained red for XAP2) are donor derived.

The second step will be to optimize culture conditions for the commitment of the iPS / hES cell - derived retinal precursors towards the photoreceptor lineage.

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

In Figure 5O, the number of rod photoreceptor, inner nuclear layer, and retinal ganglion cells were determined by counting the nuclei of cells expressing XAP2, Calretinin, or in the RGC layer, respectively.

Mouse models of induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells have demonstrated the feasibility of regenerating photoreceptor cells and / or retinal tissue.

When transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional photoreceptors, human embryonic stem cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].

Molecular markers for retinal ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, Müller glia, and rod and cone photoreceptor cells (Table S3) identified these cell types (Figures 5B, 5D — 5N, and S2, S3, S4, S5, S6).

It results from the death of cells critical for vision: retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and photoreceptor cells.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of cells next to the retina that are metabolically coupled to the retina's photoreceptor neurons.

0 Research ArticleRETINAL DISEASES Human ESC — derived retinal epithelial cell sheets potentiate rescue of photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal degeneration Karim Ben M'Barek 1,2,3, Walter Habeler1, 2,3, Alexandra Plancheron1, 2,3,

In retinal diseases such as age - related macular degeneration, for example, photoreceptor cells that absorb light signals are damaged or dead.

His research is focused on retinal regeneration by reprogramming human fibroblasts either into induced pluripotent stem cells or directly into photoreceptors.

In the absence of myosin VI, the amplitudes of the a - and b - waves of the electroretinogram were reduced, although there was not photoreceptor cell loss and retinal anatomy appeared normal.

Our results indicate that myosin VI is required in photoreceptor cells for normal retinal electrophysiology.

With age, our eyes accumulate waste in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which supports the life and function of photoreceptors (light sensitive cells in the eye); in advanced stages, RPE and photoreceptors die.

Behind the photoreceptors is another layer of cells called retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which support the rods and cones by delivering nutrients from the bloodstream and removing waste that the rods and cones generate.

These cells can develop into any type of retinal cell, including RPE cells or photoreceptors.

The treatment could help people who have a fault in a gene called RPE65, which causes problems in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a thin layer of cells that support and nourish photoreceptors.

In the past, neural stem and progenitor cells from various sources were introduced into eyes with the thought that they might differentiate and replace photoreceptors lost in retinal disease [13]--[19].

Both unmodified and genetically modified groups were found to have cells that migrated and survived in two distinct locations: (i) as a separate, nearly continuous, subretinal layer lying between the host RPE and photoreceptors, and (ii) as individual cells distributed throughout the neurosensory retina, especially within the inner retinal layers (Figure 5A).

These retinal cells are the type that are killed off in macular degeneration, eventually leading to the death of photoreceptors, and the gradual loss of central vision.

These cells protect and nourish the retina, remove waste products, prevent new blood vessel growth into the retinal layer, and absorb light not absorbed by the photoreceptor cells; these actions prevent the scattering of the light and enhance clarity of vision.

Fresh porcine retinal tissue was dissected, orientated on a 0.45 mm filter with the photoreceptor cell surface uppermost and placed on top of the iPS - RPE monolayer so that outer segments were adjacent to the RPE.

As these factors can exert protective effects on retinal neurons [52]--[56] and neurons in other neurodegenerative disease models [49], [57], [58], it seems likely that these substances may contribute to the latent photoreceptor cell survival we observe in the dystrophic retina.

Our objective is to determine whether this mutation is involved in AMD by (1) understanding the functional consequences of this genomic variation on expression of COL8A1 and / or its neighbor genes, and (2) investigating photoreceptors and RPE cell survival, retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, structure integrity of the choroid / Bruch's membrane, and the quality of the vision, in organisms with the COL8A1 mutation.

These data suggest that human iPS - RPE cells are able to contribute to host photoreceptor cell integrity by removing retinal debris at this time - point.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cells, residing at the back of the eye between Bruch's membrane and the retina, which is essential for photoreceptor function and survival.

Melatonin production is suppressed when the retinal ganglion cells of the eye detect sunlight and produce the photoreceptor melanopsin.

However, the evidence from the past decade or so has revealed a third class of photoreceptor within the eye; intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which express their own distinct opsin — melanopsin [6,7].

To further examine the morphology of cells and the localization of protein expression within the retina, immunohistochemical staining of both paraffin and OCT retinal sections was performed with the following antibodies (Table S1): human cone arrestin (for cone photoreceptors), rhodopsin (for rod photoreceptors), RPE65 (for the retinal pigment epithelium, RPE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, for astrocytes and Müller cells), glutamine synthetase (for Müller cells) and G0alpha (for ON bipolar cells).

Layers of the retina: RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; PR, photoreceptors; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; NFL, nerve fiber layer.