Retroviruses like Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) can be devastating to your cat.
Marley's Cat Tales is a cat rescue dedicated to stopping the cycle of
retroviruses like FeLV (feline leukemia) and FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) by educating the public and promoting awareness.
My laboratory seeks to better understand the pathological interplay of human
retroviruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T - cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) with their cellular hosts with the goal of providing new approaches for prophylaxis and therapy.
In the early 1990s, researchers developed viral vector systems based on
retroviruses like Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV).
But when
retroviruses like HIV infect a cell, they often let the cell live and splice their genes into its DNA.
In recent research published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Saint Louis University investigators report catching integrase, the part of
retroviruses like HIV that is responsible for insertion of the viral DNA into human cell DNA, in the presence of a drug designed to thwart it.
(RNA viruses use ribonucleic acid as their genetic material; examples include SARS, polio, and
retroviruses like HIV.)
Not exact matches
Other indications of evolution are too numerous to actually list in full, but a few might be the clear genetic distinction between Neanderthals and modern man; the overlapping features of hominid and pre-hominid fossil forms; the progressive order of the fossil record (that is, first fish, then amphibians, then reptiles, then mammals, then birds; contradicting the Genesis order and all flood models); the phylogenetic relationships between extant and extinct species (including distributions of parasitic genetic elements
like Endogenous
Retroviruses); the real time observations of speciation in the lab and in the wild; the real time observations of novel functionality in the lab and wild (both genetic, Lenski's E. coli, and organsimal, the Pod Mrcaru lizards); the observation of convergent evolution defeating arguments of common component creationism (new world v. old world vultures for instance); and... well... I guess you get the picture.
Again, parasitic elements
like endogenous
retroviruses and tandem repeats which generally do not appear to contribute to functionality (but can actually lead to various diseases) represent a significant portion of our genomes.
But in a Frankenstein -
like maneuver, French molecular geneticists led by Thierry Heidmann of the Gustave - Roussy Institute have now reassembled one of these long - lost
retroviruses into its original infectious form.
Like all
retroviruses, HIV has very few genes of its own and must take over the host's cellular machinery in order to propagate and spread throughout the body.
«That didn't make any sense at all to a virologist, because
retroviruses have nothing to do with these negative - strand RNA viruses»
like Nipah and Ebola, he says.
These jumping genes behave
like retroviruses, except that they never produce the protein coats that allow
retroviruses to leave one cell and go to infect another.
They searched the fluid for traces of RNA indicating the presence of different classes of
retroviruses, RNA viruses that,
like HIV, copy their sequence into the genome of infected organisms.
None of the proteins protect against HIV - 2, which came to us from apes
like HIV - 1 did, she says, but humans have apparently fended off nearly 40 other monkey
retroviruses, so our innate immunity «wasn't quite as bad as you thought.»
When researchers sequenced the chimpanzee genome in 2005, the biggest difference between it and the human genome was the extinct PtERV1
retrovirus, which inserted its DNA into the cells it infected
like HIV does today.
They have known for many years that HIV,
like other
retroviruses, needs help from its host's cellular machinery — for example, to transcribe its genetic material.
Although the simian foamy virus (SFV) is not known to cause disease or to spread between humans, researchers say the virus is something to monitor closely; given enough time, it could evolve into something more dangerous — just
like its two
retrovirus cousins, one of which sparked the AIDS pandemic.
«The
retrovirus we used is replication - deficient and thus can not kill infected cells
like other viruses found in the wild,» Chen said.
By the beginning of the 1990s, researchers were just beginning to understand
retroviruses — those
like HIV that reproduce by inserting their DNA into a host's genome.
Exosomes, endogenous
retroviruses and toll -
like receptors: pregnancy recognition in ewes.
These results suggest that the full - length XMRV genome is present in all 3 clinical samples, and argue against the possibility of mixed infection with other MLV -
like retroviruses.
Cadenza Interactive will be joining the
likes of Crate Entertainment, Double Fine, and countless others as they seek some additional funding for their upcoming «six - axis» co-op shooter,
Retrovirus.
Thus far, there hasn't been too many details on
Retrovirus or what that «six degrees of freedom» gameplay will look
like, but Cadenza has just announced that they'll be demoing the game, live, tomorrow night.
Feline Leukemia virus is a
retrovirus (
like HIV) that can cause leukemia, lymphoma, anemia (low blood cell count), and secondary infections in cats.