The district court noted that courts
reviewing substantial impairment «should» consider:» (i) the nature and severity of the impairment; (ii) the duration or expected duration of the impairment; and (iii) the permanent or long term impact, the expected permanent or long term impact, or the expected permanent or long term impact of or resulting from the impairment.»
Lord Hughes, giving the judgment of the Court,
reviewed the authorities, emphasising that the question of
substantial impairment required consideration of whether there had been a serious degree of
impairment, and such degree was a matter for the jury.