Sentences with word «ribonucleotides»
Scientists have known about the presence of ribonucleotides in DNA, but until now had not been able to determine exactly what they are and where they are located in the DNA sequences.
sciencedaily.com
«Ribose - seq identifies, locates ribonucleotides in genomic DNA.»
«Identifying specific signatures of ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA may represent novel biomarkers for human diseases such as cancer, and other degenerative disorders.»
Ribose - seq could be used to locate ribonucleotides in the DNA of a wide range of other organisms, including that of humans.
Now, researchers have developed and tested a new technique known as ribose - seq that allows them to determine the full profile of ribonucleotides embedded in genomic DNA.
The clay montmorillonite is known to catalyze the polymerization of RNA from activated ribonucleotides.
Their genetic material only consists of one ribonucleotide strand, unlike the prevailing double - stranded DNA in mammals.
Last year, her team showed that vent - dwelling ribonucleotides — molecular RNA precursors — can form into short chains of RNA.
«Ribose - seq is specific to directly capturing ribonucleotides embedded in DNA and does not capture RNA primers or Okazaki fragments formed during DNA replication, breaks or abasic sites in DNA,» Storici noted.
Georgia Tech Associate Professor Francesca Storici (left), Graduate Student Kyung Duk Koh and collaborators have developed and tested a technique for identifying ribonucleotides in genomic DNA.
«Ribose - seq should allow us to better understand the impact of ribonucleotides on the structure and function of DNA,» said Storici.
Malaria parasites make their DNA with the help of an enzyme called ribonucleotide reductase, which contains iron.
Now, in a new report, they have provided evidence of its ability to facilitate «allotopic» mitochondrial import of mRNA for wild - type versions of mitochondrially - encoded proteins, and to import corrective tRNA into cells bearing mutations in the same ribonucleotides.
Ribose - seq takes advantage of this reaction with the hydroxyl group to launch the process of identifying the genomic spectrum of ribonucleotide incorporation.
10:10 Aurelio Reyes, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Building, Cambridge, UK: «Ribonucleotides in replicating and non-replicating mitochondrial DNA»
He also discovered that when foods rich in glutamates combine with foods rich in another umami inducing substance, ribonucleotides, the flavor of the resulting combination was exponentially enhanced, to create this tantalizing, addictive 5th taste, which gives foods a «wow factor» quality.
The role of glutamate from both taste and biological perspectives will be discussed, including the relationships between umami, dietary sources of glutamate and ribonucleotides, and the common ingredient, monosodium glutamate (MSG).
These RNA - binding proteins include sequences of amino acids that bind to one of the ribonucleotide bases or «letters» that make up RNA sequences — adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), and guanine (G).
The team carried out chemical reactions to synthesize ribonucleotides with sulfites and bisulfites, versus with hydrosulfide, and found the former were able to produce ribonucleotides and related molecules 10 times faster than the latter, and at higher yields.
«That allowed us to build a new tool for recognizing specifically where the ribonucleotides are located.»
Ribonucleotides, units of RNA, can become embedded in genomic DNA during processes such as DNA replication and repair, affecting the stability of the genome by contributing to DNA fragility and mutability.
Beyond repair and replication processes, ribonucleotides can also be created in DNA as a result of damage caused by drugs, environmental stressors and other factors.
«By looking at the non-random distribution, we found several hotspots in which the ribonucleotides are incorporated into the genome.»
«The fact that we see biases in the base compositions of the ribonucleotides allows us to tell which base is more likely to be incorporated into the DNA,» Koh explained.
Because of the extra hydroxyl (OH) group in the ribonucleotides, their presence distorts the DNA and creates sensitive sites where reactions with other molecules can take place.
«If there are specific signatures of genomic instability that are caused by the ribonucleotides, this will allow us to narrow down the locations and know where they are more likely to be found.»
Knowledge of where the ribonucleotides cluster could help identify areas of greatest potential for genome instability and lead to a better understanding of how they affect the properties and activities of DNA.
The analyses revealed a strong preference for the cytidine and guanosine bases at the ribonucleotide sites.
«The OH group is specific to the ribonucleotides,» he explained.
«Ribonucleotides are the most abundant non-standard nucleotides that can be found in DNA, but until now there has not been a system to determine where they are located in the DNA, or to identify specifically which type they are,» said Francesca Storici, an associate professor in the School of Biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
The extra hydroxyl group found in the ribonucleotides is key to the ribose - seq technique, said Koh, the paper's first author.
Researchers first cleave the DNA samples at the ribonucleotides, then take the resulting fragments through a specialized process that concludes with generation of a library of DNA sequences that contain the sites of ribonucleotide incorporation and their upstream sequence.
«The ribonucleotides are not randomly distributed, and there is some preference for specific base sequences and specific base composition of the ribonucleotide itself,» said Koh.
These RNA - binding proteins include sequences of amino acids that bind to one of the ribonucleotide bases or «letters» that make up RNA sequences — adenine (A), cysteine (C), uracil (U), and guanine (G).
To overcome this problem, the investigators first tried eliminating the mismatch of unpaired ribonucleotides in the aminoacyl stem of the constructs» import sequences by replacement of several adjacent ribonucleotides.
* Umami (from Japanese referring to taste) is a pleasant savory taste stimulated by glutamate, and ribonucleotides, (including inosinate and guanylate).
Water, Noodles (10 %)-- Durum Wheat — Semolina — Salt, Chicken (5 %), Leek, (3 %), Maltodextrin, Flavour Enhancers — Monosodium Glutamate — Disodium 5» - ribonucleotides, Maize Starch, Potato Starch, Yeast Extract (contains Barley), Salt, Parsley, Natural Flavourings, Turmeric.
And we are able to observe and repeat the evolution of different strains of Spiegelman's Monster under conditions in which nutrients were freely available and they slimmed down to become more efficient at replication — the smallest of which was roughly 50 ribonucleotides long — roughly the same length as what we have observed activated ribonucleotides to form in the presence of the mineral montmorillonite.