Sentences with phrase «rich surface waters»

On top of that, warming increases ocean stratification, which blocks the movement of oxygen - rich surface waters to lower depths.

The seasonal distribution of marine Crenarchaeota in the oxic and ammonia - rich surface waters off Palmer Station, Antarctica [4], as well as a correlation of increasing crenarchaeal abundance with a nitrite (NO2 −) maximum are both consistent with the hypothesis that marine Crenarchaeota are capable of ammonia oxidation [25].

There is also a contribution of excess atmospheric CO2 absorption introduced to deep - water masses from dense, cold CO2 - rich surface waters at downwelling sites (e.g., North Atlantic), which then move through the oceans via meridional overturning circulation.

The surface waters of the world's oceans are supersaturated with the greenhouse gas methane, yet most species of microbes that can generate the gas can't survive in oxygen - rich surface waters.

The rising temperatures cause layers of ocean water to stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper ocean.

Those sites gave her the chance to gather fossils from many different depths in the ancient ocean, from the more oxygen - rich surface waters to deeper zones.

Although this amount of depletion has little impact on mobile marine life, scientists worry about anoxic effects down deep, where mixing with oxygen - rich surface waters is minimal.

Not exact matches

These days the Martian atmosphere is thin and about 95 per cent CO2, but scientists think that 3 or 4 billion years ago the planet's gassy envelope was much thicker and even richer in carbon, making its surface warm enough to support liquid water — and possibly life.

Rich wildlife at this Southern Ocean island faces surface waters 1.8 degrees F warmer in winter and 4.1 degrees F warmer in summer than they were 80 years ago

Alternatively, the water at Cabeus may have been created when hydrogen atoms carried by the solar wind slammed into oxygen - rich materials in the lunar surface.

The shrimp represent centimeter - sized swimmers, including krill and shrimplike copepods, found throughout the world's oceans that may together be capable of mixing ocean layers — and delivering nutrient - rich deep waters to phytoplankton, or microscopic marine plants, near the surface, the researchers suggest.

And around Antarctica, where even the surface ocean water is already quite cold and dense, some of that water in the ocean depths, which is also carbon rich, eventually warmed enough so that it became less dense than the water above it.

«What is most likely the case is that the parent body [of this family] was water - ice - rich, was broken up, and now the surface of its largest fragment, Themis, has been impact - excavated, revealing the ice that was once deep in a larger object,» says Britney Schmidt of UCLA, who was not affiliated with Campins's study.

As these winds enhance ocean circulation, they may be encouraging carbon - rich waters to rise from the deep, say the team, meaning that surface water is less able to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

Under some conditions — particularly when CO2 - rich deep water wells up to the surface in the tropics — seawater also releases CO2 back into the air.

The main sources were water - rich asteroids and comets bombarding the surfaces and water vapor hissing out of volcanoes.

From remote observations, the team assumes that Bennu should contain water and organic — or carbon - rich — material, but they don't know yet how this material is distributed across the surface.

Its dark surface (Ceres reflects just one - fourth as much light as Vesta) indicates a water - rich interior; some researchers even speculate that it could have a mile - deep ocean under a frozen surface.

The fog is a gift of the Pacific Ocean's California Current where winds create upwellings that bring cold, deep, nutrient - rich waters to the surface.

The new ice - scarp studies confirm indications from fresh - crater and neutron - spectrometer observations that a layer rich in water ice begins within just one or two yards of the surface in some areas.

Volatile - rich salty water could have been brought close to Ceres» surface through fractures that connected to the briny reservoir beneath Occator.

In these areas, deep ocean waters that are naturally rich in carbon dioxide are upwelling and mixing with surface waters that are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

At the edge of the Pacific continental shelf, deeper, nutrient - rich waters rise to the ocean's surface.

No meteorites on Earth have ever been linked with Ceres, so its surface composition remains unknown, though it may be layered with water - rich minerals, and frost might cover its poles.

In his letter on ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), Graham Cox suggests it could be used to fertilise surface waters with nutrient - rich deep water to promote plankton growth for carbon capture (1 December, p 31).

More fresh water in the surface water layers makes it harder for the nutrient - rich bottom water to rise to the upper layers where the sunlight ensures the production of plankton algae in summer.

In his letter, Alec Dunn suggests that pumping nutrient - rich deep ocean water to the surface would stimulate plankton growth and...

NWA 7034's water - rich composition, the researchers contend, bolsters the notion that Mars may have long ago boasted a much warmer and wetter surface than it has today.

Titan has diverse, carbon - rich chemistry on a surface dominated by water ice, as well as an interior ocean.

That lithium - rich brine is the legacy of local volcanic activity transporting the metal to the surface where it could then be leached by infiltrating waters.

During the spring and summer months, deep ocean water rich in carbon dioxide periodically wells up along the California coast when surface waters are pushed offshore by strong winds.

When the current runs into Isabela and Fernandina, water surges upward, bringing cold, nutrient - rich water to the surface.

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

Inspired by dynamic shifts in pH due to upwelling — the movement of nutrient - rich water toward the ocean surface — the researchers took urchins from the Santa Barbara Channel and brought them into the lab.

That kept deep, nutrient - rich water from reaching the surface — an upwelling that serves as «a kind of turbo boost to the ecosystem,» Parrish says.

This moves water away from the coast, causing upwellings that bring cold, nutrient - rich water from the ocean floor to the surface, where it feeds innumerable microorganisms and algae.

The craft is designed to dig into the cementlike layer of ice that researchers believe lies buried a few inches below the surface in the planet's polar regions, scanning for signs of past liquid water and organic compounds, the carbon - rich molecules that make life on Earth possible.

In his letter, Alec Dunn suggests that pumping nutrient - rich deep ocean water to the surface would stimulate plankton growth and hence capture atmospheric carbon (18 August, p 32).

«The weaker overturning circulation brings less naturally CO2 - rich deep waters to the surface, which limits how much of that gas in the deep ocean escapes to the atmosphere.

They found that deep winter mixing, a seasonal process which carries colder and deeper, nutrient - rich water to the surface, plays the most important role in transporting iron to the surface.

In the deep gold mines of South Africa, and under the sea, at hydrothermal vents where breaks in the fissure of Earth's surface that release geothermally heated waters — hydrogen - rich fluids host complex microbial communities that are nurtured by the chemicals dissolved in the fluids.

In Ganges Chasma, a huge canyon, stretches of pristine olivine - rich basalt imply that the surface has been little altered by water.

NORMAN — A University of Oklahoma research study, led by Professor Xiangming Xiao, reveals the divergent trends of open surface water bodies in the contiguous United States from 1984 to 2016, specifically, a decreasing trend in the water - poor states and an increasing trend in the water - rich states.

During that period, 10 water - poor states in the southwest and northwest United States had statistically significant decreasing trends in surface water area, but 20 water - rich states in the southeast United States and the northern Great Plains had statistically significant increasing trends.

Their simulations suggest that at least one planet in the one to two Earth - mass range could have formed within orbital distances of 0.5 to 1.5 AUs around both heavy - element - rich stars; of particularly note, the simulations frequently generated a Earth - like planet in or near Star B's habitable zone (where liquid water could exist on the planet's surface).

Instead of water, liquid methane falls as rain, creates rivers that cut into the hydrocarbon - rich surface, which in turn make valleys, and flows into vast liquid methane lakes.

The eruptions, they found, were intense enough that gases would have been spewed out of the surface faster than they could escape into space, forming a temporary atmosphere relatively rich in water vapor, that ensconced the Moon for about 70 million years.

One explanation (ix) conceived in the 1980s invokes more stratification, less upwelling of carbon and nutrient - rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean and increased carbon storage at depth during glacial times.

Increased ocean temperatures also make the waters more stratified — preventing nutrient - rich water from below from rising to the surface and oxygen - rich water from reaching the middle layers.

The surface is composed of three major types of terrain: bright, rough regions that are similar to Xanadu Regio, dark regions that are rich in water ice, and dark regions that are covered by fields of dunes.