I already know, for instance, that patients with schizophrenia have distinctive aberrations in the
right superior temporal gyrus and that those with attention -
deficit / hyperactivity disorder have smaller
brain volumes in all regions.
We propose that
right -
brain stroke disproportionately impairs these cortical and limbic components, causing the lateralized
deficits that characterize spatial neglect,» she explained.
The results of the present study suggest that less - than - typically developing
brain activity in the
right anterior insula is a potential neural basis of
deficit in inferring others» social emotions without direct emotional cues in individuals with ASD.
Given their typical age of onset, a broad range of mental disorders are increasingly being understood as the result of aberrations of developmental processes that normally occur in the adolescent
brain.4 — 6 Executive functioning, and its neurobiological substrate, the prefrontal cortex, matures during adolescence.5 The relatively late maturation of executive functioning is adaptive in most cases, underpinning characteristic adolescent behaviours such as social interaction, risk taking and sensation seeking which promote successful adult development and independence.6 However, in some cases it appears that the delayed maturation of prefrontal regulatory regions leads to the development of mental illness, with neurobiological studies indicating a broad
deficit in executive functioning which precedes and underpins a range of psychopathology.7 A recent meta - analysis of neuroimaging studies focusing on a range of psychotic and non-psychotic mental illnesses found that grey matter loss in the dorsal anterior cingulate, and left and
right insula, was common across diagnoses.8 In a healthy sample, this study also demonstrated that lower grey matter in these regions was found to be associated with
deficits in executive functioning performance.