Prices for life insurance contracts are based upon age, gender, length of coverage, and
the risk classification of each person.
R (Khatib) v Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 606: judicial review challenge to Secretary of State's decision to maintain the high escape
risk classification of a convicted terrorist.
Mercury General Corporation and its subsidiaries are engaged primarily in writing
all risk classifications of automobile insurance.
Not exact matches
Current market conditions place our evaluation
of the expected market return /
risk profile in the most negative
classification we identify.
Still, the current return /
risk profile features highly «unpleasant skew» - in any given week, the single most likely outcome is actually a small advance, yet the average return in the current
classification is quite negative, because those small marginal gains have typically been wiped out by steep, abrupt market plunges that erase weeks or months
of gains in one fell swoop (see Impermanence and Full - Cycle Thinking for a chart).
The primary feature driving our current market return /
risk classification is that market internals and credit spreads have clearly deteriorated, following an extended period
of extremely overvalued, overbought, overbullish conditions.
With the S&P 500 within about 8 %
of its highest level in history, with historically reliable valuation measures at obscene levels, implying near - zero 10 - 12 year S&P 500 nominal total returns; with an extended period
of extreme overvalued, overbought, overbullish conditions replaced by deterioration in market internals that signal a clear shift toward
risk - aversion among investors; with credit spreads on low - grade debt blowing out to multi-year highs; and with leading economic measures deteriorating rapidly, we continue to classify market conditions within the most hostile return /
risk profile we identify — a
classification that has been observed in only about 9 %
of history.
At the August peak (see Looking Ahead to a Bullish Outlook, and What Will Define It), I noted that the position
of the S&P 500 relative to its 200 - day moving average is not what defines favorable market action or our overall market return /
risk classification.
Notably, that blue line reflects the estimated cumulative impact
of an at - the - money put option hedge in the 8 %
of historical periods that match the market return /
risk classification we presently identify.
To bring the current situation up to date, the chart below shows the cumulative total return
of the S&P 500 Index, restricted to the 8 %
of history that matches the prospective market return /
risk classification that we presently identify.
The main points here are that QE has encouraged the dramatic overvaluation
of virtually every class
of investments; that these elevated valuations don't represent «wealth» (which is embodied in the future stream
of deliverable cash flows, not in the current price); that extreme valuations promise dismal future outcomes for investors over a 10 - 12 year horizon; and that until a clear improvement in market internals conveys a resumption
of speculative
risk - seeking by investors, the current combination
of extreme valuations and increasing
risk - aversion, coming off
of an extended top formation after persistent «overvalued, overbought, overbullish» extremes, represents the singularly most negative return /
risk classification we identify.
Historically, accepting market
risk in the 8 %
of history matching the present market return /
risk classification has turned a dollar into about 7 cents over time.
The chart shows the estimated cumulative impact
of an at - the - money S&P 500 index put option under various market return /
risk classifications we identify.
Likewise, nearly all
of our challenges during the advancing half - cycle since 2009 can be traced to my 2009 decision to stress - test our market return /
risk classification methods against Depression - era data, which inadvertently led us to overemphasize «overvalued, overbought, overbullish» syndromes that had reliably warned
of market losses in prior market cycles across history.
As is true with any
classification approach, increased sensitivity to true signals nearly always comes at the
risk of occasional false signals.
A summary
of the Canadian Securities Administrators» (CSA)
Risk Classification Methodology and the investment objectives and strategies
of each ETF can be found in the ETF's prospectus, available at franklintempleton.ca.
Designation as an emerging market is determined by a number
of factors, such as gross domestic product per capita; local government regulations; perceived investment
risk; foreign ownership limits and capital controls; or the general perception by the investment community when determining an «emerging»
classification of a market.
Duration
of breastfeeding was not related to the
risk of insecure - avoidant or insecure - resistant versus secure attachment
classification, but longer duration
of breastfeeding predicted a lower
risk of disorganized versus secure attachment
classification (n = 151; odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.66 to 0.99, p =.04).
The
risk status
of a pregnancy was defined using a mixture
of maternal International
Classification of Disease (ICD) codes [19] and individual fields in the SMMIS database, and was based on a 2007 clinical guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) which contained lists
of medical and obstetric conditions which indicate increased
risk of negative pregnancy outcomes [20].
The
classification indicates scientific evidence proving that processed meats like bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages and some deli meats can increase the
risk of diabetes, several cancers and respiratory illnesses.
«The transfer from the DIC's
of the core customs functions
of valuation,
classification and
risk management prior to GRA, custom division deserves celebration for more than one reason.
The LPG operators had pulled out
of the Cylinder Re-circulation Model policy (CRM) Implementation Committee as a result
of what it described as «stiff resistance by the National Petroleum Authority (NPA) to its opposition to the
classification of LPG filling plants in the country into high and low
risk facilities.»
«New climate
risk classification created to account for potential «existential» threats: Researchers identify a one - in - 20 chance
of temperature increase causing catastrophic damage or worse by 2050.»
Using an analytic tool called the
classification and regression trees (CARTs), Dr. Krolewski and colleagues found that specific values
of two biomarkers — circulating level
of TNFR1 and ACR combined — indicated high
risk of ESRD.
«Such evidence quantifying shared genetic
risk factors among traditional psychiatric diagnoses will help us move toward
classification that will be more faithful to nature,» said Bruce Cuthbert, Ph.D., director
of the NIMH Division
of Adult Translational Research and Treatment Development and coordinator
of the Institute's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, which is developing a mental disorders
classification system for research based more on underlying causes.
Norbert Stefan, the first author
of the article, proposes that «after initial
classification of the glucose categories NGR and prediabetes, fatty liver, visceral obesity and impaired production and action
of insulin should be included in assessment
of cardiometabolic
risk.
The researchers found that, when the «genetic
risk score» was used with the GFRC, the correct
classification of individuals as high or low fracture
risk was increased by 12 % over and above that
of the traditional clinical
risk factors, which together correctly classify up to 80 %
of the studied individuals into high and low
risk categories.
Every liquid they tested contained at least one substance that has some level
of risk to health according to the United Nations (UN)
classification system [1].
By highlighting where and how the nature
of different types
of food scares overlap, this
classification will enable
risk management teams to address categories
of potential scares in a systematic way and develop effective strategies to avoid future occurrences.
Follow - up for outcomes was done for patients who survived in first remission to the start
of the fourth course without relapse and met low -
risk classification criteria.
The INRG
classification system is designed to create consistency
of risk group assignment around the globe, and will facilitate clinical research.
Scientific contributions include publication
of the first randomized trials to assess the impact
of common complex genetic
risk markers, empirically measuring the outcomes
of DTC genetic testing, design
of a variant
classification pipeline and single page summary for reporting clinical results
of whole genome sequencing.
Researchers found that those carbs classified as high by the glycemic index, instead
of the traditional
classification of either «simple» or «complex» were better predictors
of cardiocascular disease
risks
Classification, Screening, and Diagnosis of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY AND DIABETES DIABETES MELLITUS FACTS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Prediabetes or Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Other Types of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERI
Classification, Screening, and Diagnosis
of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY AND DIABETES DIABETES MELLITUS FACTS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Prediabetes or Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Other Types of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABET
of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY AND DIABETES DIABETES MELLITUS FACTS
CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Prediabetes or Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Other Types of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERI
CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Prediabetes or Categories
of Increased Risk for Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Other Types of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABET
of Increased
Risk for Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Other Types
of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABET
of Diabetes SCREENING FOR DIABETES DIAGNOSIS
OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABET
OF PREDIABETES DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES
SLAVE MARKET FOODS: Studies, and a bit
of common sense, show that
classifications on the socio - economical scale such as low income, inner city and / or ethnic minority [Hispanic / Black] predisposes consumers (who are equal under the law to protections against harm) to diabetes, obesity and other health
risks as grocery stores in their area tend to sell lower qualities foods while food producers price high quality (or even halfway decent) foods out
of reach.
Even with those broader
classifications, we still are aware
of a large population
of «at
risk» students — those who clearly have challenges, but because they don't fit easily into a diagnostic profile, are left without any assistance whatsoever.
In the alternative models discussed below, we employ two other indicators
of family background that are less at
risk of classification bias.
Although the combination
of measures improves
classification accuracy in a prediction model, in practice, it is difficult to discern the combination
of cut scores and patterns
of performance that would identify a student as at
risk for not passing the criterion measure.
It is important that any
classification schemes based on value added consider the
risk of falsely identifying very good teachers as ineffective.
In the graph below, we examine how systematic
risk impacts the following
classifications of managers [3]:
Your new premiums will depend on the type
of plan and amount
of permanent coverage you select, as well as your age at the conversion date and your
risk classification.
The
classification of companies into different caps also allows investors to gauge the growth versus
risk potential.
Notably, that blue line reflects the estimated cumulative impact
of an at - the - money put option hedge in the 8 %
of historical periods that match the market return /
risk classification we presently identify.
Nearly all
of that net loss occurred in the 8 %
of history that matches the market return /
risk classification we presently identify.
The chart shows the estimated cumulative impact
of an at - the - money S&P 500 index put option under various market return /
risk classifications we identify.
For loans that receive a «refer»
risk classification from TOTAL Mortgage Scorecard (TOTAL) and / or are manually underwritten, the homeowner's total monthly mortgage payment, including the first and any subordinate mortgage (s), can not be greater than 31 percent
of gross monthly income and total debt, including all recurring debts, can not be greater than 50 percent
of gross monthly income (these are very rarely accepted and if this is the outcome
of initial underwriting, other options should be considered)
The following rates represent the a sample
of premiums paid by a 30 - year - old male who earned a Preferred nonsmoker
classification from the life insurance underwriter, indicating that he's healthy and presents little
risk of dying.
According to FICO, a major company that generates credit - based insurance scores, approximately 95 %
of auto insurers and 85 %
of homeowners insurers use credit - based insurance scores in states where it is a legally allowed underwriting or
risk classification factor.
There is no guarantee that the
classification system used to determine the Evolved Sectors will achieve its intended results or maintain a level
of risk similar to that
of a portfolio
of companies in a traditionally defined sector by any other
classification system.
Foreign country
classifications are generally determined by referencing country
of risk sourced from FactSet Research Systems Inc. and Heartland Advisors, Inc..