Twins in the study whose genomes showed a low risk for Alzheimer's, for example, did have about a 12 percent (thus, much, much smaller)
risk than that of the general population (which, to begin with, has a relatively small risk of getting Alzheimer's during their lifetimes).
Not exact matches
However, we also found that the
risk - tolerance
of hybrid entrepreneurs was, on average, no greater
than the level
of risk tolerance found among people who remained employed — i.e., no greater
than the
general population,» Raffiee reports.
The deterioration
of neighborhoods in our inner cities, the decline
of elemental safety — never mind education — in many
of our schools, the burgeoning
of jail
populations (to the point that we have the highest percentage
of incarcerated citizens
of any country in the industrial world), the great strains on the family, the
general slackening
of discipline, which a consumerist and media - driven society relentlessly encourages, and a huge transfer
of wealth In the 1980s and «90s (during this period, the upper 1 percent
of Americans more
than doubled its wealth, while the lowest 20 percent suffered an actual decline)-- all these changes signal a community at
risk.
A fertility doctor can transfer just one embryo — in hopes
of reducing the
risk of non-identical twins — but identical twins may still occur, and more frequently
than in the
general population.
Rep. Richard Hanna says Congress should help determine why America's firefighters have a higher rate
of cancer
than the
general population, and what
risk factors might be to blame.
Volunteer firefighters say they are at greater
risk than the
general population of contracting cancer due to toxins they encounter on calls, and they are pushing for additional medical coverage through state legislation.
WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Rep. Richard Hanna says Congress should help determine why America's firefighters have a higher rate
of cancer
than the
general population, and what
risk factors might be to blame.
There, people are at a higher
risk of suicide
than the
general population.
«Renal transplant recipients had greater
risk of developing melanoma
than the
general population.
Thus, this single genetic test can indicate a
risk for bipolar illness that is 20-fold higher
than that
of the
general population.
This
risk appears to be lower among women in the
general population (increase 31 %)
than for women already at high
risk of acquiring HIV such as sex workers.
These estimates are orders
of magnitude higher
than those for the so - called
general population in Britain, but comparable with figures for certain other groups at high
risk of infection, such as gay men attending clinics for sexually transmitted disease.
Professor Carol Brayne, Director
of the Cambridge Institute
of Public Health, adds: «Even with a reasonably large number
of studies
of anxiety disorder, data about marginalised groups is hard to find, and these are people who are likely to be at an even greater
risk than the
general population.
People with APOE4 face up to 12 times the
risk of developing Alzheimer's
than the
general population.
Then she learned that people with 22q duplication — abnormal repetition, or duplication,
of genetic material in chromosome 22 — had learning delays and sometimes autism, but a lower
risk for schizophrenia
than that found in the
general population.
And for most
of the diseases the researchers studied, people who were classified as low -
risk based on their genome still had a
risk that was more
than half that
of the
general population — thus, lower
than average, but not exactly null.
«The elderly living in long - term care facilities have higher influenza exposure
risks, lower immune defenses and a much greater likelihood
of flu - related death
than the
general population,» said lead author David A. Nace, M.D., M.P.H., director
of long - term care and flu programs in Pitt's Division
of Geriatric Medicine and chief medical officer for UPMC Senior Communities.
People who sell sex face a disproportionate
risk and burden
of HIV; in low - and middle - income countries, female sex workers have a 13.5 times greater chance
of HIV infection
than women in the
general population.
Previous studies have identified higher rates
of cancer among patients with IBD
than the
general population, but these studies have lacked the
population size or follow - up to assess trends in lifetime
risks in childhood onset IBD.
People with mood disorders are at increased
risk of abusing opioids, and yet they received many more prescriptions
than the
general population, according to an analysis
of data from 2011 and 2013.
Researchers in Norway analyzed more
than a decade's worth
of tuberculosis cases and found that infected immigrants pose little
risk of spreading the disease to the
general population.
But patients who had neurological infections had a higher
risk of dying
of some other diseases
than the
general population.
More
than 20 %
of the
general population have been shown to be positive for the variants in the deCODE MI ™ test, and these individuals have roughly double the likelihood
of early onset heart attack — that is, prior to the age
of 50 in men and 60 in women — compared to those without the
risk variants.
An international study
of more
than 3.2 million people with severe mental illness reveals a substantially increased
risk for developing cardiovascular disease compared to the
general population.
A study from an international research team finds that familial hypercholesterolemia — a genetic condition that causes greatly elevated levels
of LDL cholesterol throughout life — accounts for less
than 2 percent
of severely elevated LDL in the
general population but also increases the
risk of coronary artery disease significantly more
than does elevated LDL alone.
Epidemiological studies tell us that vegetarians have a lower
risk of heart disease — about 24 % lower —
than the
general population.
In the
general population, diets with less
than 10 % energy from protein seem most likely to be full
of empty calories: added sugar and alcohol, both
of which are independently associated with cancer
risk.
The study participants (nearly 300
of them) had 37 % lower
risk for diabetes progression
than the
general population.
The review authors analyzed the findings
of 40 studies and determined that taking vitamin D supplements does not reduce the
risk of heart attack, stroke, cancer or bone fractures in the
general population by more
than 15 percent.
[7, 8] Evaluating the effect
of Asian ginseng in various forms — cooked, dried and fresh root — in 1,987 cancer cases, researchers found that the
risk of developing certain cancers in a
population that used ginseng for at least one year was less
than the
risk for the
general population.
Patterson explains, «Having sex with strangers does not put people in the sex trade at any greater
risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease or infection
than the
general population» — although having a greater number
of partners in
general does increase the associated STI
risk — and she notes that prostitutes are often very familiar with safer sex practices as their jobs depend on it.
So the
risk is your puppy has a higher chance
of inherited disease and behavior problems
than the
general population.
While anyone may be at
risk of suffering a choking injury, many nursing home residents are at greater
risk of choking
than people in the
general population.
These
risk factors for heart disease are being found at an earlier age
than in the
general population, according to research published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal
of the American Association for Cancer Research.
In the case
of insurance, avoiding adverse selection requires identifying groups
of people more at
risk than the
general population and charging them more money.
In the
general population, the most frequent
of these is the combination
of alcohol use disorder and depression and / or anxiety disorder.5 — 7 Comorbidity
of alcohol abuse and dependence is two to three times higher for those who suffer from depression
than for those in the
general population.8 Moreover, risky alcohol use is associated with a higher probability
of developing affective disorders
than for not at -
risk users.9
Between 31 % and 45 %
of people with coronary heart disease suffer from clinically significant depressive symptoms, and 15 % — 20 %
of them meet criteria
of major depressive disorder which is roughly threefold higher
than in the
general population.13 It is now well established that depression is related to the incidence
of CVD and is also an independent
risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality.
According to the WHO, suicide was the second - leading cause
of death worldwide in 2012 among people aged 15 — 29 years.1 In addition, a systemic review reported a strong association between self - harm and later suicide, with the
risk of suicide among patients with deliberate self - harm (DSH) being hundreds
of times higher
than that in the
general population.2 The terminology surrounding DSH is, however, complex.
The existence
of depression and other mood disorders among people with intellectual disability (ID) is well accepted and there are indications that their
risk for developing depression may be greater
than the
general population.
In Ethiopia, people with schizophrenia are at higher
risk of 5 - year mortality
than the
general population
Limitations include under - reporting
of injury events for reasons other
than incomplete recall, different methodologies for intent ascertainment between fatal and non-fatal injury in the data sources used, lack
of ascertainment
of injury
risk differentials among survey non-respondents and the use
of 2002
general population survey data to compare with 2007 — 2008 traveller survey data.
Risk factors lead to developmental delays: Children with risk factors, such as living in low - income households, abuse or neglect, prenatal exposure to alcohol or other substances, and low parental education, have a higher incidence of developmental delays and disabilities than the general populat
Risk factors lead to developmental delays: Children with
risk factors, such as living in low - income households, abuse or neglect, prenatal exposure to alcohol or other substances, and low parental education, have a higher incidence of developmental delays and disabilities than the general populat
risk factors, such as living in low - income households, abuse or neglect, prenatal exposure to alcohol or other substances, and low parental education, have a higher incidence
of developmental delays and disabilities
than the
general population.
Older men with substance use disorders are at greater
risk for nonfatal attempts and for death by suicide
than are younger persons.10, 11 Past suicide attempts are a strong
risk factor for subsequent suicidal behaviors in those with substance use disorders.12 Depressed mood is a
risk factor for suicidal behaviors in the
general population and also predicts a greater likelihood
of suicide in those with alcohol or drug use disorders.3, 6,10 The link between depression and suicidal behaviors in those with substance use disorders may be particularly strong given the high comorbidity between mood and substance use disorders.13 Although it has not been examined thoroughly, independent mood disorders and substance - induced mood disorders are likely to confer
risk for suicide.
Similarly, the National Child Development Study in the UK, which has followed up a large
general population sample
of children born in 1958, found that children from single - parent families were at greater
risk for psychological problems
than a matched group
of children from intact families not only in childhood (Ferri, 1976) but also in early adulthood (Chase - Lansdale et al., 1995) and middle age (Elliot and Vaitilingam, 2008).
While epidemiological data support that Latino youth are at no greater
risk for substance use
than the
general youth
population, some data indicate that they might be at greater
risk for the co-morbid effects and consequences
of substance use (e.g., school failure, incarceration, poor health).
A large number
of individuals with moderately increased
risk levels contribute more cases
than a small number with extreme
risk levels.41 Parenting programmes that target high -
risk populations therefore miss a substantial number
of families who develop the problem even though they are not currently in the elevated
risk group.3, 9,11 The potential impact
of such programmes at the
population level is therefore minimal as only a small proportion
of families in the
general population participate in evidence - based programmes.10, 11 As Rose emphasized more
than a decade ago, strategies that focus on high -
risk individuals will deal only with the margin
of the problem and will not have impact on the
general population.
While the concurrence may be partly attributable to rater effects as the same caregiver completed both questionnaires at the same point in time, the different patterns
of association with the potential
risk factors may reflect the fact that in at -
risk populations the two constructs may de facto overlap more
than in the
general population, representing commonly co-occurring outcomes with different determinants.
Consistent with prevalence rates
of depression in adolescents with diabetes (Anderson, Freedland, Clouse, & Lustman, 2001; de Groot & Lustman, 2001; Grey, Whittemore, & Tamborlane, 2002), results indicated that the percent
of youth at high
risk for depression were higher
than expected based on published
general population norms (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1998).
The finding that curative interventions are more effective
than preventive interventions may be explained by a lower prevalence
of child maltreatment in at -
risk families / the
general population than in maltreating families, making it «more difficult» to find significant differences between intervention and control groups (because
of lower statistical power) and consequently, to prove the effectiveness
of an intervention.