Sentences with phrase «river runoff»
"River runoff" refers to water that flows into rivers from various sources such as rain, melting snow, or underground springs. It is the excess water that does not get absorbed into the ground and instead flows over the land and into the river. Full definition
Water stored as snow in the mountains during winter replenishes groundwater and drives river runoff in spring, filling reservoirs for use later in summer.
sciencedaily.com
Recently our research team discovered an increasing trend in river runoff from Eurasia to the Arctic Ocean that has important climate change implications.
By mid-century, annual average river runoff and water availability are projected to increase by 10 - 40 % at high latitudes and in some wet tropical areas, and decrease by 10 - 30 % over some dry regions at mid-latitudes and in the dry tropics, some of which are presently water - stressed areas.
However, almost all climate change projections predict increases in temperature and decreases in Colorado River runoff [Vano et al., 2014].
Water cycle researchers (i.e. Dai and Trenberth) have made the dubious assumption that the amount of water transported via precipitation to the land from the ocean is balanced each year by river runoff.
«Generally, you can expect that regions with large glacier surfaces and very dry warm seasons will see the strongest impacts on river runoff.
It is reasonable to assume that the freshwater input will continue to increase in the future because the earth is warming, causing increasing ice melt and increased precipitation (both over ocean and over land, which yields larger river runoff to the ocean).
This results in less soil moisture and lower river runoff, which may lead to soil degradation and potentially onwards to desertification.»
However, with improving techniques, researchers recently estimated total submarine groundwater (saline and fresh water combined) discharges suggesting a rate 3 to 4 times greater than the observed global river runoff, or a volume equivalent to 331 mm / year (13 inches) of sea level rise.
Those 10 foot seas in the Beaufort will like mix the surface layer enough to breakup the freshwater lens caused by the Mackenzie River runoff.
Shrinkage of glaciers in central Asia is expected to increase due to climate warming, which will influence downstream river runoff in these regions.
This moisture will lead to more precipitation at high latitudes, such as the Arctic, and subsequently more river runoff.
The North Atlantic is observed to be freshening (49), and estimates of recent increases in freshwater input yield 0.014 Sv from melting sea ice (18), 0.007 Sv from Greenland (29), and 0.005 Sv from Eurasian rivers (50), totaling 0.026 Sv, without considering precipitation over the oceans or Canadian river runoff.
Studies assessing the impact of elevated temperatures on Colorado River runoff indicate that warming will lead to intensified low flows and a greater probability of water shortages (65 — 67).
Detection of a direct carbon dioxide effect in continental river runoff records.
Change in annual river runoff between the 1961 - 1990 baseline period and two future time slices (2020s and 2070s) for the A2 scenarios (Alcamo et al., 2007).
By the middle of the 21st century, annual average river runoff and water availability are projected to increase as a result of climate change at high latitudes and in some wet tropical areas, and decrease over some dry regions at mid-latitudes and in the dry tropics.
These parameters regulate processes such as plant carbon uptake by photosynthesis and how precipitation is separated into evapotranspiration to the atmosphere and river runoff.
«The long - term observational record of main components of the hydrological cycle — rainfall, evaporation, river runoff and soil moisture — is woefully incomplete, particularly in sensitive semi-arid regions, and this study is a significant contribution to support this record.»
Ocean salinity changes are an indirect but potentially sensitive indicator for detecting changes in precipitation, evaporation, river runoff and ice melt.
They provide essential breeding grounds and nurseries for commercially important fish; mangroves and the adjacent seagrass beds retain and filter sediment from river runoff, increasing the clarity of water on the reefs; they are the first line of storm defence, absorbing the power of the wind.
The increased temperatures have been accompanied with changes in snow, sea - ice, precipitation, permafrost, icebergs, landice, river runoff, polar lows, synoptic storms, cloudiness, avalanches, ocean circulation, and ocean acidification.
The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).
And, although freshwater discharge from deep aquifers may be locally insignificant relative to river runoff, deep aquifer discharge when integrated across the globe could account for the missing contribution to the sea level rise budgets.
River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean.
Nonetheless, the findings demonstrate that satellite - based measurements of Arctic sea surface salinity are reasonably accurate and successfully reflect changes due to river runoff, melting sea ice and glaciers, and ocean circulation.
In the result, moist air flows from the adjacent ocean to the continent, thus compensating for the loss of water to the ocean via the river runoff.
This model considers main forcing parameters (river runoffs, exchanges with connected seas, and wind regimes) and was used to generate climate data for the middle (2041 — 2060) and the end of the twenty - first century (2070 — 2099).
In South Africa, changes in estuaries are expected mainly as a result of reductions in river runoff and the inundation of salt marshes following sea - level rise (Clark, 2006).
These parameters regulate processes such as plant carbon uptake by photosynthesis and how precipitation is separated into evapotranspiration to the atmosphere and river runoff.
HYDRA will investigate the sensitivity to, and uncertainties in, rainfall, evaporation and river runoff to changes in land use and the carbon cycle by comparing models with observations from the last 50 years.
We want to know how sensitive rainfall, evaporation and river runoff are to changes in land use and the carbon cycle.
Scientists have found several indicators that point to human - caused warming, including melting of glaciers and ice sheets, ocean heat content, rainfall patterns, atmospheric moisture, river runoff, stratospheric cooling, and the extent of Arctic sea ice.