It would appear that these chemicals originated in
the rocky core of the moon and were leached from the core via liquid water.
The chemicals would have originated in
the rocky core of Enceladus, so to reach a plume they must have leached from the core via liquid water.
Not exact matches
«It's going to be a
rocky market moving forward, but that doesn't mean there's something rotten at the
core of it,» Levine said.
As the economy continues its
rocky recovery, policy - makers are quick to point out that
core inflation, the key measure upon which the Bank
of Canada depends to set monetary policy and stave off destabilizing devaluations
of currency, remains in check.
Unlike in other states where governors were intimately involved with Common
Core implementation, Cuomo has largely stayed out
of the process, letting state education commissioner John King and the state Board
of Regents take the heat from parents and teachers over the
rocky rollout.
Cuomo initially supported the state's fast track start - up
of Common
Core, but in recent months has blamed Education Commissioner John King and the state Board
of Regents for the
rocky start up.
«Common
Core is an issue about which there has been a lot
of dialogue,» Cuomo spokeswoman Melissa DeRosa said in a statement Tuesday that both affirms the standards and distances the administration from its
rocky rollout.
State Board
of Regents Chancellor Merryl Tisch has appointed a task force to study the
rocky rollout
of the Common
Core academic standards in New York and develop recommendations for improvement, the Albany Times Union reports.
Cuomo, who once said he intended to be the lobbyist for students, has mostly kept out
of the debate, saying he understands that big changes can have a
rocky start, but that he supports the national shift to the Common
Core standards.
Physicists have simulated the
cores of some large
rocky exoplanets by pummeling iron with lasers.
Such elements are normally captured in the metallic
cores of rocky worlds, and their existence hinted that Mars had been pelted by asteroids throughout its early history.
Researchers have found a host
of Earth - like planets, and are trying to understand what conditions might be like at the surface
of a planet with a
rocky core and a thick atmosphere.
They're like small Neptunes but with huge amounts
of liquid water around a
rocky core.»
An astroseismic view
of the radius valley: stripped
cores, not born
rocky.
Jupiter is thought to have a
rocky core with the mass
of 10 Earths that helped it accumulate its gas shroud.
The debris probably was dredged up from the bottom
of the moon's ocean by water percolating through the
rocky core, and then...
The other suggests they arose in a two - stage process called
core accretion, in which bits
of material smashed and fused together to form bigger
rocky, icy bodies.
Give me a bunch
of Vestas, and I can make a dry Earth with a
rocky core.
Hot,
rocky exoplanets are the scorched
cores of former gas giants.
New research from The University
of Texas at Austin adds evidence to a theory that claims the metallic
cores of rocky planets like Earth were formed when molten metal trapped between grains
of silicate rock percolated to the center
of the planet during its early formation.
Alternately, the planet can accumulate mass slowly as bits
of dust collide and become pebbles, which collide to become boulders, which collide to become asteroids, and so on, until a
rocky planetary
core develops.
The arrays are due to open for real in November to power a two - year mission to probe the guts
of Mars and reveal how
rocky planets»
core, mantle and crust form
If there's gas around and the bodies get large enough, perhaps something on the order
of 10 Earth masses or so, then you can start pulling some gas in on top
of your
rocky core and make something that looks like a gas giant planet, like Jupiter.
The seeming abundance
of rocky super-Earths lends support to the
core accretion model
of planet formation, in which small
rocky bodies collide and clump together to grow into these objects.
New stars incorporate this debris, and over several generations, enough metals build up to form the
rocky grains thought to assemble the
cores of all planets.
On the outside they are covered by a thick layer
of ice, and underneath this there is an ocean surrounding a
rocky core.
One controversial theory posits that giant planets might not need
rocky cores if they form directly from unstable whorls
of gas in the nebula around a young star.
PUFFED UP Early in its development, a
rocky planet may turn into a synestia (illustrated), a spinning disk
of vaporized rock that looks like a jelly - filled doughnut with a small, solid
core (gray).
Indeed, the present - day theory
of planet formation — the build up
of a
rocky planet's
core by the accretion
of many small bodies — is very different from Jeans's.
For instance, a catastrophic impact could have stripped away most
of Mercury's
rocky mantle, leaving the planet with its relatively huge iron
core.
The planetesimals, which eventually merged to form the
rocky planets, were more planetlike than previously thought, with
cores that must have formed and melted within just a few million years
of the formation
of the solar system, Weiss says.
The presence
of this rock at a site indicates either that material has pushed up through Earth's crust from the mantle (a silicate
rocky shell between the crust and the
core with an average thickness
of 2,886 km and depths ranging from 30 km to almost 3,000 km below the crust) or that a celestial body (a comet, meteor or meteorite) fell there.
Surprising findings from some
of the oldest known meteorites suggest that our solar system was once chock - full
of miniature planets, complete with metallic
cores and
rocky crusts.
But even in the cold
of space, these wayward worlds could stay warm, thanks to the decay
of radioactive elements in their
rocky cores.
Although most asteroids now are
rocky through and through, the new findings suggest that back at the beginning
of the solar system even planetesimals could melt at their
cores and retain a
rocky crust.
This violent «stripping» occurs in planets that are made up
of a
rocky core with a gaseous outer layer.
Coming as close as 5000 kilometers to the 140,000 - kilometer - diameter gas ball, Juno and it's gravity - gauging system should measure the mass
of any
rocky core at the center
of Jupiter.
McKinnon has one idea: If the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn could pin down the nature
of Titan's interior, researchers would know whether it formed hot in violent collisions — which would have produced a
rocky core — or it formed cold through the quiet agglomeration
of primordial debris.
Models
of Jupiter's interior suggest it has a solid
core of up to 18 Earth - masses» worth
of rocky material — just about 6 percent
of Jupiter's total mass.
Lagrange says the finding is consistent with a planet formation model known as
core accretion in which the planet starts out as a
rocky core that gravitationally acquires more matter from the surrounding swarm
of dust and gas.
Unlike the other
rocky planets in our solar system, it has an immense iron
core that makes up roughly 70 per cent
of the planet's volume.
At the moment, the team's favored idea is akin to the second solution above: that large bodies
of solid metal slowly dropped from the
rocky mantle and into the
core to lower the nucleation barrier.
If Europa does have an ocean, the academy report recommends a series
of satellite missions and lab simulations
of the chemistry at the boundary between Europa's ocean and its
rocky core.
In the prevailing theory
of planet formation, called
core accretion, dust grains stick together to form
rocky worlds, and some
of these
rocky bodies then grow massive enough to attract surrounding gas, becoming gas giants like Jupiter.
But in many instances, the simulations show, even planets starting with
rocky cores as little as 1.5 Earth's mass may trap and hold atmospheres containing between 100 and 1000 times the amount
of hydrogen found in the water in Earth's oceans — thick, dense envelopes exerting pressures so hellish that life on the planets» surfaces might be almost impossible.
That heat led to the separation
of the primordial body into a
rocky crust, an underlying
rocky mantle, and a central metallic
core, hallmarks
of planet Earth and the other
rocky planets.
Combined with its mass
of 8.57 Earths, that size suggests the planet has a dense
rocky core, surrounded by a 3000 - kilometre - thick envelope
of nearly pure water.
«The contact between the ocean and the
rocky core is crucial,» said Attilio Rivoldini, co-author
of the study.
While Saturn is mostly a gigantic shroud
of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, it contains a
rocky core — about 18 times the size
of Earth, which responds to tidal forces from all
of Saturn's major moons by bulging.
If Pluto's
core was
rocky and its mantle icy, most
of the material blasted into space by the collision would have been ice, accounting for Pluto's high rock - to - ice ratio today.