Sentences with phrase «rod photoreceptor cells»

Light perception takes place in the cone and rod photoreceptor cells of the retina, a structure at the back of the eye, through a set of proteins denominated phototransduction cascade proteins.

Not exact matches

PRA is caused by the degeneration of the photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, which are needed for dark and day light vision, respectively.

Mutations in at least 60 genes are known to cause the disease, and many people are not diagnosed until after a a substantial proportion of photoreceptor cells, the eye's rods and cones, have already degenerated and died.

At the top of the image are the retina's photoreceptor cells (in gray)-- the familiar rods and cones — that capture photons of light and translates them into electrical currents.

The vertebrates» photoreceptor cells, typified by rods and cones, are quite distinctive from the invertebrates».

The therapy employs a virus to insert a gene for a common ion channel into normally blind cells of the retina that survive after the light - responsive rod and cone photoreceptor cells die as a result of diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.

Bypassing damaged retinal cells The light - sensitive photoreceptors made by the rod and cone cells in the retina also belong to the GPCR class.

The pigment is needed by photoreceptor cells — the retina's light - sending rods and cones — and when RPE65 is mutated, the photoreceptor cells gradually die.

A healthy retina usually features light - sensitive cells — photoreceptors — called cones and rods.

Horizontal cells process visual information by integrating and regulating input from rod and cone photoreceptors, which allow eyes to adjust to see well in both bright and dim light conditions.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

The researchers were surprised to find that the removal of Onecut1 also had an impact on photoreceptor cells, the rods and cones that absorb light in the retina and convert that energy to an electrical impulse eventually conveyed to the brain.

(H) Cells expressing the rod photoreceptor marker XAP2 (rPR; red); BrdU - immunoreactivity (yellow) identifies mitotically active cells in the periphery of the same flank reCells expressing the rod photoreceptor marker XAP2 (rPR; red); BrdU - immunoreactivity (yellow) identifies mitotically active cells in the periphery of the same flank recells in the periphery of the same flank retina.

Retinal ganglion cell axons (arrowhead), RPE (arrow), and rod photoreceptors (stained red for XAP2) are donor derived.

rPR, rod; cPR, cone photoreceptor; BP, bipolar cell.

In Figure 5O, the number of rod photoreceptor, inner nuclear layer, and retinal ganglion cells were determined by counting the nuclei of cells expressing XAP2, Calretinin, or in the RGC layer, respectively.

Molecular markers for retinal ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, Müller glia, and rod and cone photoreceptor cells (Table S3) identified these cell types (Figures 5B, 5D — 5N, and S2, S3, S4, S5, S6).

Z - series movie of the rod photoreceptor derived from EFTF - expressing pluripotent cells in Figure 5E.

The way the eye works is that light must pass through the RGCs to reach the photoreceptors, ie, the rod and cone cells that sense light.

Behind the photoreceptors is another layer of cells called retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which support the rods and cones by delivering nutrients from the bloodstream and removing waste that the rods and cones generate.

The macula is densely packed with photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that react to light and send electrical nerve impulses to the optic nerve and into the brain.

Light travels through the eyeball to reach the retina, then passes through several transparent layers of cells to strike the rod - and cone - shaped photoreceptor cells.

The location of transplanted human cells, their expression profile and ability to phagocytose rod photoreceptor material was examined in vivo using immunohistochemistry.

In RCD3 affected dogs normal rod - mediated ERG responses fail to develop, photoreceptor outer segments do not reach maturity and rod cells are lost by apoptosis [5].

To further examine the morphology of cells and the localization of protein expression within the retina, immunohistochemical staining of both paraffin and OCT retinal sections was performed with the following antibodies (Table S1): human cone arrestin (for cone photoreceptors), rhodopsin (for rod photoreceptors), RPE65 (for the retinal pigment epithelium, RPE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, for astrocytes and Müller cells), glutamine synthetase (for Müller cells) and G0alpha (for ON bipolar cells).

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cone - rod dystrophy (CRD) are collective terms for two broad forms of progressive, bilateral degenerative diseases that affect the retinal photoreceptor cells.