Response to Comment on «The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without
a role for ocean circulation» (Science)
Therefore, the finding that surface heat flux is out of the ocean at low frequencies does not demonstrate an important
role for the ocean circulation in driving the AMO.
Surface freshwater plays an important
role for ocean circulation by its influence on the formation of deep water masses.
Not exact matches
As a result, the frigid flow plays a critical
role in regulating
circulation, temperature, and availability of oxygen and nutrients throughout the world's
oceans, and serves as both a barometer
for climate change and a factor that can contribute to that change.
For decades, research on climate variations in the Atlantic has focused almost exclusively on the
role of
ocean circulation as the main driver, specifically the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large con
circulation as the main driver, specifically the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large con
Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the
ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large conveyor belt.
Ice shelves are important, because they play a
role in the stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the ice sheet's mass balance, and are important
for ocean stratification and bottom water formation; this helps drive the world's thermohaline
circulation.
CAS = Commission
for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global
Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE)
Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their
Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds,
Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction
The changing temperature and chemistry of the Arctic
Ocean and Bering Sea are likely changing their role in global ocean circulation and as carbon sinks for atmospheric CO2 respectively, although the importance of these changes in the global carbon budget remains unreso
Ocean and Bering Sea are likely changing their
role in global
ocean circulation and as carbon sinks for atmospheric CO2 respectively, although the importance of these changes in the global carbon budget remains unreso
ocean circulation and as carbon sinks
for atmospheric CO2 respectively, although the importance of these changes in the global carbon budget remains unresolved.
«The prevalent explanation
for the main climate forcer during the Last Termination being
ocean circulation patterns needs to re-examined, and a larger
role for atmospheric [CO2] considered.»
Understanding the climate distribution and forcing
for the Pliocene period may help improve predictions of the likely response to increased CO2 in the future, including the ultimate
role of the
ocean circulation in a globally warmer world.
9.3.1 Global Mean Response 9.3.1.1 1 % / yr CO2 increase (CMIP2) experiments 9.3.1.2 Projections of future climate from forcing scenario experiments (IS92a) 9.3.1.3 Marker scenario experiments (SRES) 9.3.2 Patterns of Future Climate Change 9.3.2.1 Summary 9.3.3 Range of Temperature Response to SRES Emission Scenarios 9.3.3.1 Implications
for temperature of stabilisation of greenhouse gases 9.3.4 Factors that Contribute to the Response 9.3.4.1 Climate sensitivity 9.3.4.2 The
role of climate sensitivity and
ocean heat uptake 9.3.4.3 Thermohaline
circulation changes 9.3.4.4 Time - scales of response 9.3.5 Changes in Variability 9.3.5.1 Intra-seasonal variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6 Conclusions
Nonetheless, the study provides compelling evidence
for the important
role of
ocean circulation and contributes new insights into the features that characterize the AMO.