The next stage might be to include some of the history of the subject and then proceed to the real experiment which would be to include some science, particularly the following topics, forcing, sensitivity,
the role of water vapour, the oceans, feedbacks, delayed warming, finger - prints and understanding the ice cores.
But back then, it was concluded that Arrhenius was wrong and Ångström moved onto other research, despite Arrhenius publishing a paper critical of the experiments and explaining how in the dry upper atmospheric layers,
the role of water vapour was of limited importance.
It highlighted
the role of water vapour in the greenhouse effect.
The study sought to resolve misunderstands around the relative
role of water vapour and CO2 as important greenhouse gasses.
Hall, A., and S. Manabe, 1999:
The role of water vapour feedback in unperturbed climate variability and global warming.
The key to this narrower but much higher estimate can be found in the real world observations around
the role of water vapour in cloud formation.
That is, while
the roles of water vapour and cloud effects are very important in the net greenhouse effect, they function as feedbacks rather than primary drivers of change.
Not exact matches
Initial data from the Cassini - Huygens spacecraft, which began exploring the Saturnian system in 2004, show that methane is indeed a minor atmospheric constituent but a very important one, possibly playing a
role analogous to that
of water vapour in Earth's troposphere.
And that additional
water vapour would in turn cause further warming - this being a positive feedback, in which carbon dioxide acts as a direct regulator
of temperature, and is then joined in that
role by more
water vapour as temperatures increase.
Tropospheric
water vapour plays an important
role in regulating the energy balance
of the surface and TOA, provides a key feedback mechanism and is essential to the formation
of clouds and precipitation.
Water vapour plays an important role, by taking energy at the surface of the oceans when water evapor
Water vapour plays an important
role, by taking energy at the surface
of the oceans when
water evapor
water evaporates.
Others include, the
role of the Sun (being the main heat source), the vast oceans which cover over 70 %
of the Earth's surface (and the natural factors which determine the storage and release
of CO2 back into the atmosphere),
water -
vapour being the dominant greenhouse gas comprising 98 %
of the atmosphere, the important
role of low - level clouds which is thought to be a major factor in determining the natural variation
of climate temperatures (P.S. Significantly, computer - models are unable to replicate cloud - formation and coverage — which again — injects bias into model).
The most credible
of the contrarians, Richard Lindzen, has relied primarily on arguments that the feedback from
water vapour, which plays a central
role in climate models, might actually be zero or even negative.
Susan Solomon wrote this paper on
water vapor in 2010 and she states this: Scientists have underestimated the
role that
water vapour plays in determining global temperature changes, according to a new study that could fuel further attacks on the science
of climate change.
CO2 plays a minuscule cooling
role because it also radiates like
water vapour, but you won't detect it because its cooling effect is less than 1 %
of water vapour's, so why waste time looking?
Carbon dioxide fully part
of the
water cycle, all pure clean rain is carbonic acid, can only aid the main greenhouse gas
water vapour in its
role of cooling.
From which they have also expunged the great cooling
role of the greenhouse gas
water vapour, simply by ignoring it and sticking their fingers in their ears whenever it's mentioned?
One idea was that increased IR radiated from
water vapour in these air masses could off - set expansion due to release
of latent heat, and ad drive horizontal circulation This had to be attacked as it showed a
role for radiative gases in atmospheric circulation.
ANSWER: the
role of the upper layers
of the
water vapour (wv) on the OLR has been said on figures 6 - C and 6 - D; less wv means a higher OLR over significant parts
of the
water vapour spectrum (figure 6 - A) compared to the ten (s)
of cm - 1
of the tropospheric CO2.
The
role of convection and the subsequent condensation out
of water vapour into clouds and then rainfall is currently incapable
of quantification as a means
of slowing or offsetting any atmospheric greenhouse effect but it certainly does those things.
Or what the possible
role of increasing / decreasing
water vapour content in increasing / decreasing the radiative forcing with multi-decadal oscillations?
Instead, the 5 authors have decided that carbon dioxide (24 %) and methane (19 %) are the dominant greenhouse drivers
of recent temperature variations, and
water vapour and clouds apparently no longer assume any
role.
Public discussions about the natural greenhouse effect and climate sensitivity to rising CO2 concentrations often indicate a misunderstanding
of the
roles of long lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) relative to those
of water vapour and cloud feedbacks within the climate system.
This exclusion is ridiculous, not least because aircraft emissions have a particular
role in heating the planet, due to the height at which they are released, and the multiplying impacts
of the
water vapour and other gases the planes produce.
This paper by Sean Davis and others presents
water vapour and ozone intercomparisons that were performed as part
of the SPARC (Stratosphere - troposphere Processes and their
Role in Climate) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S - RIP).
As regards the
role of clouds and
water vapour, Schmidt claims that Lindzen is unique in his belief that they act as a negative feedback, adding that there are now strong observational data to the contrary.»
And that additional
water vapour would in turn cause further warming - this being a positive feedback, in which carbon dioxide acts as a direct regulator
of temperature, and is then joined in that
role by more
water vapour as temperatures increase.