The salmon's maker, Aqua Bounty Technologies, Inc., based out of Massachusetts, has
said the gene inserted has not mutated over multiple generations of fish and does not harm to the animals.
Not exact matches
The neomycin strategy allows researchers to make sure that the
gene is functioning properly before it's
inserted into a cow, he
says.
A
gene that was
inserted to protect other
genes «is the problem,» she
says with finality.
However, in the presentations, speakers for both teams
said that two stretches of the
gene code for so - called zinc fingers — protein structures that
insert themselves into the grooves of DNA — suggesting that the encoded protein probably turns other
genes on and off.
«With Rudolph,» Farber
says, «the coral DNA got
inserted into a
gene that is normally expressed in the nasal epithelial cells, the cells of his nose.
«We're looking at bacteria that make magnetic nanoparticles, so we can
insert their
genes into brain cells in the same way,» Pralle
says.
«By
inserting the new sequence into the DNA, perhaps they are altering the
gene in some other way,» he
says.
«If you're willing to accept something that is an elephant that has a few mammoth
genes inserted into its genome and therefore is able to make some proteins that mammoths might, we're probably closer to that,»
says Beth Shapiro, author of How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction and an evolutionary biologist at UC Santa Cruz specializing in ancient DNA.
The big difference,
say genome - editing advocates, is that these new molecular tools make the process much more efficient, with precise ways of deleting,
inserting, or regulating
genes.
In the meantime, Boeke
says Sleeping Beauty could provide a new and better way to create mutants to study embryonic development, since the inactivated
gene can be «tagged» using a short DNA sequence
inserted by the transposon.
But instead of prodding extracted B cells to proliferate, Wilson
says, the teams simply plucked the antibody - producing
genes from them and
inserted those into existing B - cell lines, thereby increasing their protein output.
«A marker
gene will be
inserted into these liver cells,»
says Ledley.
But new techniques that
insert foreign genetic material,
say bacterial
genes to produce insecticide in a corn plant, have raised health and environmental concerns.
«The odds of a
gene inserting itself in the exact same spot when you have billions of nucleotides are pretty unlikely,» Taylor
says.
«Once you show that this works and there are no horrible side effects, you could try it with many other diseases» by swapping out the
inserted gene, Hammarskjold
says.
And it appears, scientists
say, that in this boy the new
gene was
inserted next to an oncogene, called Lmo2, triggering the leukaemia.
«Agrobacterium can be used to
insert a piece of DNA in the middle of a plant
gene, thus inactivating the
gene,»
says Derek W. Wood, who led part of the University of Washington project.
«We take blood stem cells,
insert a
gene which regulates the allergen protein and we put that into the recipient,»
says Professor Ray Steptoe, explaining the new process developed by his team at The University of Queensland.
«It seems pretty clear that you can't just chop up DNA with viruses and
insert new
genes without consequences,» Lanza
says.
One use of these
genes might be to
insert them into other crop plants to provide «disease resistance, or to make them grow bigger and faster,»
says Kaul.