A healthy fire
salamander from a captive - bred collection at a British zoo.
Scientists first collected
the salamander from a
Saving
salamanders from amphibian killer may take extreme measures.
Collins and Jancovitch examined
salamanders from a Phoenix bait shop and found viral strains similar to those killing salamanders in Colorado.
Martel and Pasmans detected the fungus in samples of salamanders that other researchers had collected in Thailand, Vietnam, and Japan — including a museum specimen more than 150 years old — but not in
salamanders from other parts of the world.
Not exact matches
In the transition
from salamanders to snakes.
Our wildlife sanctuaries around the state are living laboratories where scientists, naturalists, and volunteers monitor and measure a wide range of natural occurrences
from stranded sea turtles to osprey migration to
salamander counts.
Building fairy houses under the canopy of the beech trees, turning over logs to look for
salamanders, and harvesting fresh vegetables for snacks
from our gardens are just a few of the ways that children engage all their senses.
Trekkers collect a rubbing
from a marker with a relief of the
salamander, beaver, fern, or lady's slipper that might be found nearby.
Since late February, researchers
from the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum and Lincoln Park Zoo have been monitoring levels of cortisol (known as the stress hormone) in three species that have been reintroduced or restored by the forest preserve: wood frogs (designated as «in great need of conservation» in Illinois); spotted
salamanders, a rare species for northeastern Illinois; and spring peepers, a frog species whose local populations are in decline.
Others are local oddities, like Alabama's Red Hills
salamander, which has been seen emerging
from its burrows on steep forest slopes so rarely that it was only discovered in 1960.
Biologists fear chytrid is carried
from pond to pond on the boots of outdoorsmen, and
from country to country in the tanks of pet
salamanders or frogs.
The
salamanders use their tongues to catch insects literally on the fly, and the evidence, published in February in the Journal of Experimental Biology by a group of researchers led by Stephen M. Deban of the University of South Florida, suggests that these amphibians owe their dead - shot abilities to a ballistic projection mechanism that powers their rapid - fire tongue thrusts: In effect the tongue launches
from the mouth like an arrow
from a bow.
While the maximum speeds ranged
from 6 to 15.7 miles per hour, the
salamanders» tongues achieved breathtaking acceleration — up to 450 g's.
Using data
from high - speed video recordings of 96 feedings, the researchers measured the speed of the
salamanders» tongue thrusts as the animals ate crickets, termites, and other bugs.
Everything
from insects to birds to
salamanders could be affected by the arrival of worms.
From sea slugs to
salamanders, many animals can naturally tap into solar power — and we're learning how to make more
A team of Danish researchers
from Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital and the University of Southern Denmark therefore studied the hearing of lungfish and
salamanders, which have an ear structure that is comparable to that of different kinds of early terrestrial vertebrates.
The recent declines and disappearances of many frogs, toads, and
salamanders have been blamed on a number of causes, including pathogenic infection, pesticides, pollutants, increased UV radiation
from ozone depletion, and local drought spurred by climate change.
Although abundant in captivity, the
salamander has nearly disappeared
from its natural habitat — and that is a problem
Three sequences matched collagen peptide scripts
from chickens, one matched a frog and another a
salamander; the other two matched multiple organisms, including chickens and
salamanders.
Now the same team have screened over 5,000 amphibians
from four continents to ascertain the threat the new disease presents to other species.The results, published today in the journal Science, show that B. salamandrivorans is very dangerous to
salamanders and newts, but not to frogs, toads and snake - like amphibians called caecilians.
Since the fungal disease has initially been limited to a small area, an attempt is being made to prevent it
from spreading further: The European Union has launched a research project to create the scientific basis for the control of the «devourer of
salamanders» as quickly as possible.
Lips and a colleague, Cornell University Professor Kelly Zamudio, screened about 1,400 frogs,
salamanders and newts
from sites in North and South America and found no trace of the fungus.
Some closely related viruses turned up at far - flung sites in Arizona and Canada, while distantly related viruses appeared among dead
salamanders recovered
from within a single pond.
If so, then the idea of activating the mechanisms — dormant or blocked in our species — that give
salamanders such formidable powers of recovery
from injury suddenly doesn't seem quite so far - fetched.
DO N'T LET THE FUNGUS GET ME North America's extreme diversity of
salamanders (lungless Ensatina eschscholtzii
from the West Coast shown) could face catastrophic losses if the deadly Bsal fungus invades via the international live - animal trade.
New data
from the fossil record offers a new perspective on the evolution of the enormous regenerative capacities of modern
salamanders.
Salamanders hatched
from eggs that have been doused with predator - scented water showed reduced activity — a common defense mechanism — compared with those
from eggs in odorless water.
In a paper published in the journal PLOS ONE, MDI Biological Laboratory scientists Benjamin L. King, Ph.D., and Voot P. Yin, Ph.D., identified these common genetic regulators in three regenerative species: the zebrafish, a common aquarium fish originally
from India; the axolotl, a
salamander native to the lakes of Mexico; and the bichir, a ray - finned fish
from Africa.
«A
salamander or a lizard undulates
from side to side the same way a fish moves through the water, so one would reasonably expect that in Ichthyostega too,» says Ahlberg.
When these animals began to die as well, Spitzen - van der Sluijs rushed them here, about 2 hours away, where Martel and Pasmans cultured a fungus
from a
salamander clinging to life.
The declines became so alarming that RAVON removed 39 fire
salamanders (Salamandra salamandra)
from the park, safe - guarding them temporarily in an employee's basement.
Accidentally introduced
from Asia, the fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) sickens or kills several amphibian species with large ranges in Europe, such as the fire
salamander (left), so it will likely spread across the continent.
Studies they have led since their initial discovery show that Bsal — probably introduced
from Asia by the pet trade — has the potential to wipe out
salamander populations across Europe.
Then in April 2014, they got a tip
from a Dutch man vacationing in Belgium who had come across a dead fire
salamander in a forest near Robertville.
Unlike frogs suffering
from Bd, which thickens and hardens their skin, the
salamander had ulcers all over its body.
Studies of tiger
salamanders and the Asian
salamander Hynobius retardatus have found that cannibal morphs develop when larvae are crowded in large numbers and are mostly unrelated (same species but
from different parents).
The study quantified the rate of decline and also showed that sexually mature fire
salamanders are much more likely than juveniles to get infected (probably during fights with rivals or mating), which prevents them
from reproducing and makes the population less likely to recover.
Ranging
from New York State to Texas, it is one of America's most common
salamanders.
SALAMANDERS BEWARE Skin lesions on the face of a fire
salamander show the ravages of a chytrid fungus species discovered last year, now suspected of escaping
from Asia.
The black - bellied slender
salamander, for instance, would have no problem spreading
from its home range around Santa Barbara to the more northern central coast region.
The
salamander died 34 to 40 million years ago, yet aside
from its skeleton, many of its soft tissues are preserved: an initial examination identified skin and a lung.
In the new eLife study, the researchers compared RNA
from the cells of five different groups:
salamander cells with algae,
salamander cells without algae, the algal cells living in
salamander cells, the algae living in the egg capsules, and algae cultured in the laboratory.
The fungus is thought to have arrived in Europe via
salamanders or newts imported
from Asia for the pet trade.
First identified in birds in the 1960s, this sense, called magnetoreception, has since been documented in animals ranging
from bees and
salamanders to sea turtles.
Any fire
salamanders that arrive
from elsewhere will likely get infected by newts or toads.
The team had also hoped that the fungus would become less virulent — as often occurs when a pathogen reaches a new host that lacks any immunity — but that hasn't happened: Fungal spores taken
from the last fire
salamanders in the Belgian forest, when dripped onto the backs of healthy
salamanders in the lab, were just as lethal as those collected early in the outbreak.
The current study by Lips and her colleagues, Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic
salamanders, was led by two professors
from Ghent University in Belgium — An Martel, who first isolated B. salamandrivorans, and Frank Pasmans — with contributions
from researchers at 20 institutions worldwide.
According to results
from previous infection trials, most
salamander species in Europe are likely just as vulnerable to Bsal.