The one he does mention is that identical twins have
the same gene combination.
Not exact matches
At the
same time, the
gene story also shows how the virtually infinite number of possible chance
combinations of the many factors that constitute a person's biological inheritance explain and support the idea of personal individuality and uniqueness.
As a consequence of differential RNA splicing, mRNAs containing different
combinations of exons can be produced from the
same gene.
The team's results point to another strategy, however: using the
same genes in different
combinations, or «combinatorial coding.»
This is also a good example of how organisms of the
same appearance, or phenotype (the tall parent and their offspring), can have different genotypes, or
combinations of
genes (TT versus Tt).
They then compared the
gene expression of these keratinocytes to others treated with various
combinations of the
same cytokines lacking one cytokine each.
Now Yamanaka and his colleagues report in the journal Cell that the
same combination of
genes induced pluripotency in commercially available human fibroblasts (connective tissue cells that play a crucial role in healing) derived from the facial skin of a 36 - year - old woman, the joint tissue of a man, aged 69, and a newborn, respectively.
He and others have recently used
gene - editing tools to correct mutations in human iPS cells but haven't used the
same combination of methods or done the
same set of experiments to determine whether the iPS - derived cells are safe.
For extended modules, many different
combinations of perturbed
genes could incapacitate the module, as a result of which mutations in different
genes will appear to lead to the
same phenotype (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).
We may share many
genes with chimpanzees, but it's rare for them to cluster together in the
same combinations.
Remarkably, a
combination of just three of the factors (Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5) was enough to efficiently convert fibroblasts into cells that could beat like cardiomyocytes and turned on most of the
same genes expressed in cardiomyocytes.
A trait which occurs among members of the
same family can be due to shared
genes, shared environment, or a
combination of
genes and environment.