397 patients who were 18 — 65 years of age, had a
diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to DSM - IV criteria, had required intensive
psychiatric treatment within 24 months before study entry, had received a stable dose of antipsychotic medication for ≥ 30 days before study entry, had resided at the
same address for ≥ 30 days before study entry, and were judged clinically stable by the principal investigator.