Both are actually created out of
the same type of tissue.
This «mysterious» connection becomes easier to grasp when you understand that your brain and your gut are actually biologically identical, as they're created out of
the same type of tissue.
Adult stem cells were once believed to be more limited than embryonic stem cells, only giving rise to
the same type of tissue from which they originated.
For the first time ever, we could make a really comprehensive comparison of individual normal and tumour cells from the exact
same type of tissue, taken at the same time, from the same person, and see how the cancer had developed.»
However, in some studies with laboratory mice, Feinberg had observed that these epigenetic tags varied considerably among the mice even when comparing
the same type of tissue in animals that have been living in the exact same conditions.
Not exact matches
The research team then examined human pancreatic
tissue from
type 1 diabetics, finding strong evidence that the
same process induced by caerulein also occurred in the pancreases
of those individuals.
Gaining confidence that their compound was appropriately targeting the plaques, the researchers worked with the National Institutes
of Health to obtain brain
tissue from people who died
of Alzheimer's and performed the
same type of staining.
The
same compound promotes the growth
of tooth
tissue called dentine — a protective material between the sensitive pulp inside a tooth and the enamel on its surface — so Cohen believes that the
type of tissue formed partly depends on the neighbouring cells.
All cells in
tissues adhere to each other using molecules called cadherins which interact and connect cells
of the
same type together.
All formed the
same types of stem cells, which give rise to «progenitor» cells that, in turn, divide into neurons and eventually organize themselves in six layers
of brain
tissue.
This
same feature, tumor heterogeneity, may reduce the ability to identify critical gene expression changes when comparing mean gene expression in adjacent tumor and normal
tissues, as tumors
of the
same type may have different sets
of genes differentially expressed.
In the illustration, each
tissue type is followed by the number
of genes whose level
of activity is controlled by nearby genes on the
same chromosome (cis); those whose activity is associated with genes on other chromosomes (trans); and the number
of tissue samples studied.
Using
tissue culture models
of cartilage and the meniscus, Levenston's team stresses the cells and
tissues and studies what happens to them structurally and biochemically — for example, whether different genes are expressed, whether metabolism changes, or whether different
types of cartilage cells respond differently to the
same stress.