To account for size differences between individual trees, sap flow rates (SF, cm3 h − 1) were transformed into
sap flux densities (SFD, cm3 h − 1 cm − 2), dividing SF values by the individual sapwood area.
Moderately stressed and stressed trees showed 34 and 14 % of the stem growth, 71 and 31 % of
the sap flux density, and 79 and 66 % of the final needle length of healthy trees in 2012.
Relative responses are for September — October 2012, except for
sap flux density, which was measured in April 2012.