Sentences with phrase «satellite ice concentration»

To obtain the «best possible» initial ice - ocean conditions for the forecasts, we conducted a retrospective simulation using PIOMAS that assimilates satellite ice concentration and sea surface temperature data.

Assimilation of satellite ice concentration improves the predictions.

The ensemble predictions are based on a synthesis of a model, NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data, and satellite ice concentration data.

Not exact matches

The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite - based measurements began, until 2015.

For example: Sea level and temperature, ice mass, hurricanes (typhoons) wind and rain, Polar ice mass, Ice extent, CO2 Concentration, read some ocean buoys, read some tidal gauges, and much more are acceptable from the several hundred meteorological satelliteice mass, hurricanes (typhoons) wind and rain, Polar ice mass, Ice extent, CO2 Concentration, read some ocean buoys, read some tidal gauges, and much more are acceptable from the several hundred meteorological satelliteice mass, Ice extent, CO2 Concentration, read some ocean buoys, read some tidal gauges, and much more are acceptable from the several hundred meteorological satelliteIce extent, CO2 Concentration, read some ocean buoys, read some tidal gauges, and much more are acceptable from the several hundred meteorological satellites..

She and her co-author, Harry Stern, principal mathematician at the PSC, used 35 years of satellite data to examine sea ice concentrations around the entire Arctic.

Zhang and Lindsay, 4.3 ± 0.8, Model The forecasting system is based on a synthesis of a model, the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data, and satellite observations of ice concentration and sea surface temperature.

The map shows Arctic sea ice concentration from the AMSR2 satellite instrument for September 5, 2016.

Another simulation incorporated prescribed sea ice loss in autumn and winter based on satellite - derived Arctic sea ice concentrations.

[17] Before the advent of satellite - based imagery in 1973, sea ice concentration data for the Antarctic are not available, and sea ice extent data are not readily available for indi - vidual months, seasons or years, although some visible and infrared data do exist for 1966 — 1972 [Zwally et al., 1983] and some undigitized charts reside in national archives (e.g., V. Smolyanitsky, personal communication, 2002).

I have downloaded the HADISST ice data and computed sea ice extent for both the arctic and antarctic (based on 15 % concentration to be consistent with NSIDC data from the satellite era).

Measuring the distance apart and speed of 2 satellites in space orbiting the earth to the width of a human hair with no margin for error [damn those drift recalculations], and taking into account unknown factors with respect to the true values for water depth, water weight at different salt concentrations, ice depth magma flows, volcanic activity etc [ie making a lot of guesses], plus taking human motivation on board [like CO2 increase must melt ice surely] can give you an accurate measurement of the volume ice in Antarctica.

A note of caution: To avoid erroneous ice concentration along coasts (satellite signal mixed from land and ocean), near coastal - areas have to be excluded.

Radiometers onboard satellites are commonly used to estimate sea ice concentration and extent.

Ice extent (monthly means, April) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = April 2011, orange = April 2010, green = April 2009, blue = April 200Ice extent (monthly means, April) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = April 2011, orange = April 2010, green = April 2009, blue = April 200ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = April 2011, orange = April 2010, green = April 2009, blue = April 2008).

The ice - ocean model is initialized with satellite estimates of ice concentration and model simulated ice thickness and ocean fields and is forced by the atmospheric fields from 2003 to 2009.

which includes bias corrections for XBT and MDT data, and satellite - based sea ice concentrations from the EUMETSAT Ocean Sea Ice satellite Application Facility (OSI - Sice concentrations from the EUMETSAT Ocean Sea Ice satellite Application Facility (OSI - SIce satellite Application Facility (OSI - SAF,

The other simulations were run under approximated pre-industrial conditions: lower greenhouse gas concentrations, cooler sea surface temperatures, and the largest sea ice extent available from the satellite era (1986/1987).

The forecasting system is based on a synthesis of a model, the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data, and satellite observations of ice concentration and sea surface temperature.

While the winter / spring 2008 sea - ice extent has rebounded from the 2007 negative mega-anomaly, the age - class distribution at present is negatively skewed compared to satellite climatology and even the values for 2007, as is ice concentration within the ice - ocean margin that defines extent.

Ice - ocean model simulations, on the other hand, have requirements with respect to data density and quality, e.g., for observed ice thickness fields used in initialization of model runs, that are currently not being met by existing data sources (with the exception of, e.g., satellite - observed ice concentration fieldIce - ocean model simulations, on the other hand, have requirements with respect to data density and quality, e.g., for observed ice thickness fields used in initialization of model runs, that are currently not being met by existing data sources (with the exception of, e.g., satellite - observed ice concentration fieldice thickness fields used in initialization of model runs, that are currently not being met by existing data sources (with the exception of, e.g., satellite - observed ice concentration fieldice concentration fields).

The most likely explanation for the linear trend [in sea ice decline] during the satellite era from 1979 onwards is the almost linear increase in CO2 concentration during that period.

The primary sources of the post-1972 data are the hemispheric fields of sea - ice concentration from (1) the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from satellite data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the satellite passive - microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 199ice concentration from (1) the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from satellite data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the satellite passive - microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 199Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from satellite data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the satellite passive - microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 1999).

Trends in the satellite - derived Arctic sea ice concentrations (1978 - 2002) show pronounced decreases in the Barents / Kara Seas, between the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, the central Sea of Okhotsk and a portion of the Hudson / Baffin Bay by ∼ 2 - 8 % per decade, exceeding the 95 % confidence level.

Raw model sea ice concentration data was processed using a simple linear regression model and satellite derived ice extent to produce bias corrected predictions.

Sea ice concentration, which is independently measured and well observed by passive microwave satellite sensors, gives additional important information on changes in the Antarctic environment.

Finally, passive microwave brightness temperatures from various satellite platforms have been extensively used to derive estimates of sea ice concentration.

Arctic sea ice concentration from operational ice charts and satellite passive microwave data.

See Partington et al. (2003) for an assessment of operational versus satellite - derived ice concentration.

Although several different algorithms have been used to derive sea ice concentrations from the satellite measurements, our analyses based on the Hurrell et al. (2008) data are consistent with previous studies.

Multi-year sea ice has been reduced to such low levels that the overall September sea ice extent is largely tied to the fate of the first - year sea ice, which appears thin or with low concentrations away from the central Arctic (see AMSR satellite data and the calculations by Lindsay and Rigor).

She says improved summer weather predictions as well as satellite measurements of sea ice thickness and concentration could help forecasting.

There is the Cryosphere data from the University of Illinois which show arctic and Antarctic ice concentration and extent (this is not Mr. Watts data, it is satellite data.

The last image is the US National Snow and Ice Data Center's satellite - derived sea ice concentration image for August 20Ice Data Center's satellite - derived sea ice concentration image for August 20ice concentration image for August 2012.

Ice extent (monthly means, June) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2012, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 2008)[Gerland et alIce extent (monthly means, June) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2012, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 2008)[Gerland et alice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2012, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 2008)[Gerland et al.].

It could be that the heavy fog has resulted in an overestimation of the ice concentration from the passive microwave satellite observation.»

Scientists at NSIDC report extent because they are cautious about summertime values of ice concentration and area taken from satellite sensors.

The passive microwave satellite record of sea ice concentration and extent extends from 1979 to the present.

It should be noted that this number represents a monthly average and is dependent on a particular passive microwave algorithm to derive ice concentration (see the CliC Arctic Sea Ice Working Group note on the accuracy of satellite - derived passive microwave estimates of sea ice extenice concentration (see the CliC Arctic Sea Ice Working Group note on the accuracy of satellite - derived passive microwave estimates of sea ice extenIce Working Group note on the accuracy of satellite - derived passive microwave estimates of sea ice extenice extent).

Ice extent (monthly means, July) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2010, orange = July 2009, green = July 2008, blue = July 200Ice extent (monthly means, July) southern border of 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2010, orange = July 2009, green = July 2008, blue = July 200ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2010, orange = July 2009, green = July 2008, blue = July 2007).

Fig. 5: Ice extent (monthly means, June) southern border of 30 % ice concentration in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2011, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 200Ice extent (monthly means, June) southern border of 30 % ice concentration in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2011, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 200ice concentration in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = June 2011, orange = mean June 1999 - 2008, purple = mean June 1980 - 1999, green = mean June 1979 - 2008).

Ice extent (monthly means, July) southern border at 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2011, orange = mean July 1999 - 2008, purple = Mean July 1980 - 1999, green = mean July 1979 - 200Ice extent (monthly means, July) southern border at 30 % ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2011, orange = mean July 1999 - 2008, purple = Mean July 1980 - 1999, green = mean July 1979 - 200ice concentration, in the Greenland Sea / Fram Strait and Barents Sea, based on passive microwave satellite data (red = July 2011, orange = mean July 1999 - 2008, purple = Mean July 1980 - 1999, green = mean July 1979 - 2008).