Sentences with phrase «satellite measurement times»

Not exact matches

At the same time the Swedish instrument ASPERA - 3 is on board the European satellite Mars Express orbiting Mars and ready to make measurements.

In fact, during the continent's summer this time last year, there was less melting than at any time in the 30 years that we have had reliable satellite measurements of the region.

Using motion measurements, the authors traced the orbits of the classical Milky Way satellites backward in time.

Four days after its launch on 17 January, the Jason - 3 high - precision ocean altimetry satellite is delivering its first sea surface height measurement data in near - real time for evaluation by engineers from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), EUMETSAT, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and scientists from the international Ocean Surface Topography Science Team.

For the first time, the researchers have proved that both the worldwide measurement network NDACC with its ground stations and modern weather satellites provide reliable global data for the isotope composition of tropospheric water vapor.

By comparing over a decade of measurements from Department of Defense satellites and NASA's Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics, or TIMED, mission, the researchers were able to spot patterns in energy moving throughout the upper atmosphere.

This past September the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo., which collects polar and ice information for the government, announced that there was less sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean than at any time since satellite measurements began in 1979.

The study examined a 28 - year time series (1982 - 2009), which was composed of measurements taken by weather satellites passing over the polar region.

AMPERE took a major step toward real - time measurements in August when Boeing created a new data pathway for transferring AMPERE magnetic field samples from Iridium's satellites at a rate of every two to 20 seconds.

Described in a research paper published in the journal «Geophysical Research Letters», the «smoke rings» were discovered by analysing sea level measurements taken from satellites together with sea surface temperature images from the same time and place.

In a study of 130 TGFs recorded by the AGILE satellite, Italian Space Agency physicist Marco Tavani and colleagues report that the most energetic particles released carry four times as much energy as previous measurements detected, and hundreds of times as much as those produced by normal lightning strikes.

New measurements from a NASA satellite have allowed researchers to identify and quantify, for the first time, how climate - driven increases of liquid water storage on land have affected the rate of sea level rise.

In addition to providing real - time air quality data above and around the leak site to state regulators, the measurements will allow researchers the opportunity to check the accuracy of greenhouse gas measurements made using remote sensing systems such as satellites.

«Even more interesting is that as satellite measurements continue and so as the datasets get longer, we will be able to recalculate our metric over longer time periods to investigate how and if ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability is changing over time.»

Because the signals arriving at a receiver from all satellites are measured at the same time, the distance measurements are all falsified by the same receiver clock error, which must be calculated in order to determine an accurate position.

Here, we report on local and global changes in MHW characteristics over time as recorded by satellite and in situ measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and defined using a quantitative MHW framework, which allows for comparisons across regions and events1.

While there remain disparities among different tropospheric temperature trends estimated from satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU and advanced MSU) measurements since 1979, and all likely still contain residual errors, estimates have been substantially improved (and data set differences reduced) through adjustments for issues of changing satellites, orbit decay and drift in local crossing time (i.e., diurnal cycle effects).

Howarth places heavy weight on the value of an analysis of satellite measurements, saying it provides better data than aircraft measurements over a longer period of time.

It is essential to carry out continuous measurement of planetary atmosphere, such as the Jovian infrared aurora and the volcanoes on Jovian satellite Io, to understand its time and spatial variations.

The ``... uneven spatial distribution, many missing data points, and a large number of non-climatic biases varying in time and space» all contribute inaccuracies to to the global temperature record — as do errors in orbital decay corrections, limb - corrections, diurnal corrections, and hot - target corrections, all of which rely on measurements (+ - inherent errors), in the satellite temperature records.

Progress towards establishing ice thickness records from satellite (ICESat, Envisat, and CryoSat - 2) will change this over time, but these sources won't yield a record before these measurements began and satellite retrievals of ice thickness have their own issues.

Are there any measurements made by satellites giving a time based record that shows variation in outgoing longwave radiation dependent on the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?

-- Historically, transient climate sensitivity (TCS) has been evaluated thanks to satellite measurements series of Earth Radiative Balance (e g «ERBS» time series, followed by «CERES», or even the french «SCARAB» on a Russian Meteor).

Abstract: Using measurements of time - variable gravity from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, we determined mass variations of the Antarctic ice sheet during 2002 — 2005.

Papers you'll find in Scholar go into how they work on turning photons into data sets and comparing ground measurements with satellite measurements taken at the same time.

At the same time, the GRACE gravitational - anomaly satellites, the most accurate method of measurement we have, showed sea level actually falling from 2003 — 2009.

One is a calculation from theory, the other was a direct measurement, taken by the Nimbus 3 satellite in 1969, the first time this sort of measurement could be taken from space.

While there remain disparities among different tropospheric temperature trends estimated from satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU and advanced MSU) measurements since 1979, and all likely still contain residual errors, estimates have been substantially improved (and data set differences reduced) through adjustments for issues of changing satellites, orbit decay and drift in local crossing time (i.e., diurnal cycle effects).

Then in 2003 the launch of two new satellites, ICESat and GRACE, led to vast improvements in one of the methods for mass balance determination, volume change, and introduced the ability to conduct gravimetric measurements of ice sheet mass over time.

Indeed, if we use NASA's satellite measurements of the average night - time city lights as an estimate of the amount of urbanization in the area, then we can see from Figure 31 that the station is right in the middle of a very heavily urbanized area.

Paper J notes that the anthropogenic effect on sea level rise in one region of the world (the Pacific Ocean) over one period of time (1993 - 2013) is too small to detect at a statistically significant level due to factors such as: a) small sample size (only 20 years), b) the effect of control variables (such as the IPO), c) limitations of satellite altimetry measurement, the technique being used to measure sea level in paper H. Paper K offers a contrasting account of paper J, noting that part of the Pacific sea level rise is anthropogenic.

There are also papers explaining the mechanisms by which specific solar cycle changes could reduce planetary cloud cover and there is observational evidence that shows sub cycles of warming and cooling with the sub cycles correlating to the specific solar mechanisms during the 20 year period at which time there was satellite measurement of planetary cloud cover.

It's too small a change for any satellite measurement to accurately measure at this time.

Although it's possible that stronger winds in the Southern Ocean over the past few decades may have caused the increase, satellite - based studies showing that transport has remained fairly steady during this time suggest that improved measurement tools, not increased wind, are responsible for the discrepancy.

In addition to treating cloud transmission based only on the measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the results from other satellites and weather assimilation models can be used to estimate atmospheric UV irradiance transmission throughout the day.

No mention that the acceleretion of sea level rise happen same time as the change to satellite measurements.

(2) it is a reasonable belief that similar measurements in 1900, or even 1950, by satellite (had such existed at the time) would have detected a substantially smaller UHI in many, if not all, the sites in the large - scale network.

Judging by satellite and field measurements they concluded the burning peat soils released more carbon than the burning vegetation — about 4 to 5 times as much.

The earlier study reported that the region was losing three times this amount of ice, based on measurements of glacier thinning and mass loss determined from other satellite measurements.

Within the minimum of cycle 23/24 measurements from instruments placed on SOHO (the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) and TIMED (the Thermosphere - Ionosphere - Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) satellites indicated that solar EUV irradiance levels were lower comparing with previous solar minimum, which led to lower thermospheric density and temperature.

Surely after decades of satellite measurements, countless field experiments, and numerous finescale modeling studies that have repeatedly highlighted basic deficiencies in the ability of comprehensive climate models to represent processes contributing to atmospheric aerosol forcing, it is time to give up on the fantasy that somehow their output can be accepted at face value.»

Temperatures aloft can be measured in a number of ways, two of which are useful for climate monitoring: by radiosondes (balloon - borne instrument packages, including thermometers, released daily or twice daily at a network of observing stations throughout the world), and by satellite measurements of microwave radiation emitted by oxygen gas in the lower to mid-troposphere, taken with an instrument known as the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU).5 The balloon measurements are taken at the same Greenwich mean times each day, whereas the times of day of the satellite measurements for a given location drift slowly with changes in the satellite orbits.

My understanding is that we are using 1993 because satellite measurements began around this time.

First, it is hard to reconstruct the IR measurements over long time scales, since there are measurements only from the time of the satellite era.

Evaluation of C3S satellite soil moisture against sets of ground - based measurements shows that it captures temporal dynamics, but with large variations in quality through space and time (Dorigo et al. 2017, Dorigo et.

Note that I am not necessarily claiming that this is the feedback operating on the long time scales associated with global warming — only that it is the average feedback involved in the climate fluctuations occurring during the period when the satellite was making its measurements.

What do the satellite outgoing long wave radiation measurements show over that period of time?

The data basis of observations are total ozone columns measurements from three satellite borne instruments: the European satellite sensors GOME (ERS - 2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT), and GOME - 2 (METOP - A) are combined and added up to a continuous time series starting in June 1995.

In August and September 2012, sea ice covered less of the Arctic Ocean than at any other time since at least 1979, when the first reliable satellite measurements began.

The orbits of the satellites decay, resulting in changes to the altitude from which the measurements are taken, as well as changes to the time of day that they are above a particular spot on the Earth.