This is probably best illustrated in the figure below, where the authors apply their method of analysis to
the satellite sea surface height (SSH) data (AVISO):
Not exact matches
Four days after its launch on 17 January, the Jason - 3 high - precision ocean altimetry
satellite is delivering its first
sea surface height measurement data in near - real time for evaluation by engineers from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), EUMETSAT, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and scientists from the international Ocean Surface Topography Scienc
surface height measurement data in near - real time for evaluation by engineers from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), EUMETSAT, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and scientists from the international Ocean
Surface Topography Scienc
Surface Topography Science Team.
In the early 1990s the TOPEX (Topography Experiment for Ocean Circulation) / Poseidon
satellite, a joint American - French mission, shot into orbit armed with radar altimeters to measure the
height of the
sea surface.
While
satellites have provided consistently good data for years, the next frontier in
sea level rise measurement is a new type of radar that can capture a more crisp, higher - resolution picture of
sea surface heights.
Because water expands as it warms, that heat also meant that
sea surface heights were record high, measuring about 2.75 inches higher than at the beginning of the
satellite altimeter record in 1993.
The joint NASA / NOAA / CNES / EUMETSAT Jason - 2
satellite measures
sea surface height, which is especially useful in quantifying the heat stored and released by the oceans during El Niño years.
Many NASA
satellites observe environmental factors that are associated with El Niño evolution and its impacts, including
sea surface temperature,
sea surface height,
surface currents, atmospheric winds and ocean color.
«As revealed by monthly snapshots of
sea surface height from
satellite imagery and other estimates, the Loop Current from late winter through summer 2012 was positioned to the west of the shelf slope in deeper water,» Weisberg explained.
Oceanographer Benjamin Hamlington set out to see if he could find an El Niño
sea level rise signal around U.S. coasts, by putting together data from tide gauges and
satellite altimeters, which measure
sea surface heights.
The video loop above shows
satellite readings of
sea surface height, an indirect measure of heating (because of the way warmer water expands).
You see, the data used in determining
satellite - based SLR in the above data and graphs, is not really a rise in the
sea surface HEIGHT.
SLR
satellite data includes things such as the «GIA Adjustment» — which is the amount of SLR that there would have been if the ocean basin hadn't increased in volume and in the case of this new study, how much higher the
sea surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, another correction for ENSO / PDO «computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo - based thermosteric sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.&raq
sea surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, another correction for ENSO / PDO «computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo - based thermosteric sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.
surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, another correction for ENSO / PDO «computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo - based thermosteric
sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.&raq
sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical
Sea Surface Height.&raq
Sea Surface Height.
Surface Height.»
The
satellite image showed that
sea surface heights were about 4 inches (10 cm) above normal in warmer regions (these appear red in the image), while the regions where cooler water prevails are 6 to 7 inches (14 to 18 cm) below normal (these appear purple).
This
satellite image of Pacific Ocean
sea surface heights taken by the NASA / European Ocean Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography satellite, captured on June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm (red) to cold (blue) during the last few months, perhaps foreshadowing a transition from El Niño, to La Niña cond
surface heights taken by the NASA / European Ocean
Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography satellite, captured on June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm (red) to cold (blue) during the last few months, perhaps foreshadowing a transition from El Niño, to La Niña cond
Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography
satellite, captured on June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm (red) to cold (blue) during the last few months, perhaps foreshadowing a transition from El Niño, to La Niña conditions.
The latest image of Pacific Ocean
sea surface heights from the NASA / European Ocean Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography satellite, dated June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm to cold during the last few
surface heights from the NASA / European Ocean
Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography satellite, dated June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm to cold during the last few
Surface Topography Mission / Jason -2 oceanography
satellite, dated June 11, 2010, shows that the tropical Pacific has switched from warm to cold during the last few months.
Recently, Willis (2010) used
satellite observations of
sea surface height and sensor buoy observations of velocity, salinity and temperature of the Atlantic Ocean at 41oN and found no significant change in the AMOC strength between 2002 and 2009.
The altimeter
satellite multi-mission gridded
sea surface heights and derived variables are computed with respect to a twenty - year mean reference period (1993 - 2012).
Scientists from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and DOE made
satellite observations, which included
sea surface height changes alongside data of ocean temperatures accumulated from 1970 to 2004.
One
satellite instrument called an altimeter detects currents by measuring horizontal differences in
sea surface height.
Sea -
surface height satellite data came from NASA's Seasat (July, August 1978), U.S. Navy's Geosat (1985 to 1988), and the European Space Agency's European Remote Sensing
Satellite1 / 2 and NASA's TOPEX / Poseidon (1992 to present).
The
sea -
surface height measurements begun by TOPEX / POSEIDON
satellite in 1992 and now carried on by Jason provide an unprecedented 13 - year - long record of consistent, continuous global observations of Earth's oceans.