Rainfall change and variability is very likely to affect
vegetation in tropical grassland and
savanna systems with, for example, a reduction in
cover and productivity simulated along an aridity gradient in southern African
savanna in response to the observed drying trend of about 8 mm / yr since 1970 (Woodward and Lomas, 2004a).
North American forest
vegetation types could spread with up to 4 °C warming; but with greater warming, forest
cover could be reduced by
savanna expansion of up to 50 %, partly due to the impacts of fire (Bachelet et al., 2001).