I emailed NOAA methane expert Ed Dlugokencky and asked him if he could reconcile what the climate science literature
says about methane versus the assumptions guiding Wednesday's Nature commentary.
But you can Google and see what
he says about methane emissions from ruminants causing climate change on the web.
Not exact matches
Environmental Defense Fund president Fred Krupp
said the agreement is important because
methane is responsible for
about a quarter of today's warming, and the U.S. and Canada are the world's second - and fourth - largest emitters of oil and gas
methane respectively.
McCain expressed reservations
about the rules and supported revising them, but
said, «Improving the control of
methane emissions is an important public health and air quality issue.»
«
Methane from this process will also power a third boiler which will reduce our energy consumption by
about 15 per cent»
said Mr Michael Bambridge, Managing Director of CST Wastewater Solutions.
«Reducing
methane emissions is a critical issue not only for the industry, but for everyone concerned
about climate change,» he
said.
Hayes
says his best estimate is
about 90 %
methane.
Bowen
says the two relatively rapid carbon releases (
about 1,500 years each) are more consistent with warming oceans or an undersea landslide triggering the melting of frozen
methane on the seafloor and large emissions to the atmosphere, where it became carbon dioxide within decades.
«It's outrageous and it's astounding, how little we know [
about leaks],»
said Nathan Phillips, a Boston University researcher who is working to figure out how much
methane is leaking from cities.
«If we have basic knowledge
about the mechanical properties of
methane hydrates, we can use this information so that we manage them properly,» Zhang
said.
About 0.6 kilograms of
methane emerge each second in the summer, Mumma
said, which is comparable to the emissions from a natural oil seep near Santa Barbara, California.
While little is known
about how this
methane might affect health, its presence at elevated levels is an explosion hazard,
says Jackson.
«All the questions we have
about ancient evolutionary events — what our last common ancestor looked like, when
methane metabolism arose, when oxygen - producing organisms evolved — they really benefit from having more genomes to look at and a more detailed tree,»
says Parks.
«The process of anaerobic oxidation of
methane in freshwater wetlands appears distinct in some regards to what we know
about this process in marine sediments,» Joye
said.
Pruitt
said he was concerned
about methane as a greenhouse gas, but not «deeply concerned.»
«The bottom up is great because it can tell us where all the cows are that are emitting
methane, or where are all of the landfills that we should be concerned
about,» Miller
said.
Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University,
says ice core data from the past 800,000 years, covering
about eight glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric
methane concentrations between 350 and 800 parts per billion in glacial and interglacial periods, respectively.
The
methane hydrates with the highest climate susceptibility are in upper continental margin slopes, like those that ring the Arctic Ocean, representing
about 3.5 percent of the global
methane hydrate inventory,
says Carolyn Ruppel, a scientist who leads the Gas Hydrates Project at the USGS.
The study's primary goal was to learn more
about the efficiency of
methane capture systems at landfills, which are more effective after a landfill stops accepting new waste, he
said.
«Just one day after oil - friendly state governments complain
about efforts to collect
methane pollution data, out pops this cancellation,» she
said.
«When we feed an animal, [
about] 7 % of the energy in the feed is gone as
methane,» Hristov
says.
«We know rather little
about how much
methane comes from different sources and how these have been changing in response to industrial and agricultural activities or because of climate events like droughts,»
says Hinrich Schaefer, an atmospheric scientist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in New Zealand, who collaborates with Petrenko.
«There's quite a bit of uncertainty and disagreement
about what the actual leak rate is,»
said Tom Moore, Western Regional Air Partnership Air Quality Program Manager for the Western States Air Resources Council in Fort Collins, Colo. «That makes it difficult to understand how much any particular regulation would reduce
methane leakage.»
Raymond Pierrehumbert, an Oxford University atmospheric physics professor who believes cutting carbon dioxide emissions is more urgent than cutting
methane emissions,
said Howarth's research offers little new information
about the role of natural gas production in global warming.
I have posted on RealClimate
about 4 times in the past 5 years regarding the potential thaw of the methal hydrate deposits at the bottom of the oceans.I stated in my posts on your website that I believe firmly that those deposits are in quite a good bit of danger of melting from climate change feedback mechanisms.On Nov 8th, ScienceDaily posted a huge new study on the PETM boundary 55 million years ago, and some key data on how the
methane at that point may very well have melted and contributed to the massive climate shift.I am an amateur who reads in the new a lot
about climate change.I'd now like to
say «I told you so!!!»
You
say: «We know a lot
about the
methane cycle, but as far as forecasting the near - term future, we have no clue.
[Response: I wouldn't want to criticize my colleagues without adequate space to give the scientific justification, but aside from that you need to remember what I
said about the contribution from non-CO2 radiative forcing to date (and unlike CO2, the
methane radiative forcing is largely reversible, so I myself don't count that the same way as CO2 radiative forcing).
-- Of course, we all must realize that absent something we don't all know
about (or the
methane shock troops being right, which the science does not appear to support; while faintly agreeing that increased
methane can't be good it appears the more knowledgeable sorts are
saying the quantities are out of whack for going all shock - horror on it just yet, while other problems multiply and are bad enough without giving ourselves nightmares), the weather is going to return to something more like normal in the next couple of years.
On twitter when Gavin first responded
saying «but there's no evidence for this» after I'd sent a link to a paper by Shakhova and Semiletov talking in some detail
about methane clathrates at the ESAS and permafrost, I didn't grasp that their discussions were actually not proven.
When we
say «positive» and «negative» feedbacks in the sense of radiation (so I'm not talking
about carbon - cycle responses such as
methane release from the oceans or such) we're referring to temperature - sensitive variables which themselves affect the radiation budget of the planet.
In terms of the comments
about the Holocene record, etc, and Gavin's
saying that there is «no evidence» of such
methane burps then: first, let us all also acknowledge that some of the world's major paleoclimate and
methane experts HAVE seen evidence of exactly that [i.e., Nisbet, Have sudden large releases of
methane from geological reservoirs occurred since the Last Glacial Maximum, and could such releases occur again?
No - one at NASA or any other reputable climatological source that I know
about is
saying that a massive release of clathrate - stored
methane into the atmosphere is a serious risk we'll face any time soon.
In the Golden State, dairy manure is
said to account for
about 25 % of the state's
methane emissions.
I believe Malcolm Light when he
says we will find ourselves incinerated in a
methane firestorm in
about 5 to 8 years time.
The evil cult is
about badmouthing CO2, That restricts them of
saying the truth that: rainforest is the biggest producer of CO2 and
methane!!!
And melting permafrost might release a lot of high - global - warming - potential
methane, but we don't have enough experience with that to
say anything sensible
about it.
Scientists must think
about which microbes are «making the
methane [and] what does that
say about the isotopic signature of the
methane in the atmosphere,» McCalley told Eos.
Which as I
said is subject to considerable uncertainties
about future CO2 and
methane.
Say, did you hear
about the record
methane releases in the Arctic and Alaska this past summer and this past week?
For example, because the mass balance argument
says nothing
about absolute numbers or attribution it may be that we are also — for example — destroying carbon - fixing plankton, reducing the breaking of waves and hence mechanical mixing with the upper ocean, releasing
methane in the tundra which was previously held by acid rain and which can now be converted to CO2, or it may be we are just seeing a deep current, a tiny bit warmer than usual because of the MWP, heating deep ocean clathrate so that methanophage bacteria can devour it and give off CO2.
Finally, while economics may be critical to your definition of «catastrophic» anthropogenic global warming, economics
says nothing
about the science underlying the projections of sea level rise, the physics of Arctic amplification, changes to albedo that lead to greater warming that may lead to significant releases of
methane clathrate deposits, regional projections of reduce (or enhanced) precipitation, and so on.
About a third of the human budget comes from fossil fuel exploration, where
methane leaks from oil and gas wells during drilling, the researchers
said in a press release.
Chris Nelder had an article in The Atlantic a few months ago
saying that Japan (and everyone else) should forget
about developing unconventional fossil energy like
methane hydrates, and should focus on renewables instead.
«If we want to get serious
about reducing
methane emissions, we now know better where we have to start working,» Schaefer
said.
Concerns
about methane emissions persist, but notwithstanding that challenge, two greater problems loom: First, shifting significantly away from coal to natural gas doesn't get the planet anywhere close to the carbon - reduction levels scientists
say we must reach.
University of Alaska permafrost researcher Vladimir Romanovsky
said the models the USGS used in its projections for Alaska's future carbon storage do not capture the vast uncertainties
about how much
methane melting permafrost will emit.
«Estimates suggest that there is
about the same amount of carbon in
methane hydrates as there is in every other organic carbon store on the planet,»
says Chris Rochelle of the British Geological Survey.
But
said lead author Kristofer Covey, a Ph.D. candidate who admitted his friends have been needling him
about the Reagan connection, the
methane isn't completely negating the benefit trees, even diseased ones.
Supporters
said the accord puts off for now fierce political debates
about how or even whether to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide,
methane and other gases that collect in the atmosphere and create a greenhouse effect that warms the earth's surface.
The newly discovered leaks, if counted in the E.P.A. inventory, would increase its entire systemwide estimate by
about 25 percent,
said the Environmental Defense Fund, which sponsored the research as part of
methane emissions studies it organized.