Transportation Ministry Air Transportation Director General Agus Santoso
said volcanic ash posed a danger for aircraft.
Bali Governor Mangku
said the volcanic ash from Mount Agung has reached 4,000 meters and headed to the southwest.
Not exact matches
Ocean chemist Philip Boyd of the University of Otago in New Zealand
says many other researchers have tried to link an infusion of iron from
volcanic ash or even dust storms to plankton blooms, but this study is the first to «verify such a massive event.»
The features are both covered by several metres of
volcanic ash or pumice, which he
says would absorb radar.
Another possibility,
says Dick van der Wateren of the Free University, Amsterdam, is that the layer of
volcanic ash dated by Sugden's team slid over younger ice.
The best explanation for these observations,
says Butler, is that the radar - absorbing regions are vast plains of
volcanic ash or pumice.
A future challenge for researchers, Jackson
says, will be to «find ways to activate aggregates, as slag or as
volcanic ash for example, in innovative concretes so that these can develop strätlingite reinforcements in interfacial zones like the Roman architectural mortars.»
Lead author Dr Steve Roberts from BAS
says: «When we first examined the sediment cores we were struck by the intense smell of the guano in some layers and we could also clearly see the
volcanic ash layers from nearby Deception Island.
«Those cliffs of
volcanic ash are pretty unstable,»
said remote sensing specialist and NASA Goddard co-author Dan Slayback of the receding cliffs on the southern side of the island.
Jackson
said that lime (also known as calcium oxide, or CaO)-- exposed to seawater in the Roman concrete mixture — probably thoroughly reacted with
volcanic ash early in the history of the massive harbor structures.
Lepre
said a layer of
volcanic ash below the tool site set a «floor» on the site's age: It matched
ash elsewhere that had been dated to about 3.3 million years ago, based on the ratio of argon isotopes in the material.
The airport was closed for 24 hours from Monday morning, disrupting 445 flights and some 59,000 passengers, after Mount Agung, which killed hundreds of people in 1963, sent
volcanic ash high into the sky, and officials
said cancellations could be extended.
«When we had the
volcanic ash identified, we were stunned, because that would make this stone tool one of the oldest artifacts in North America,» Patrick O'Grady, with the University of Oregon Archaeological Field School, who led the excavations at the Rimrock Draw Rockshelter, where the tool was found,
said in a statement.
How many people can
say they've fought a shark in the water or sped away from a
volcanic cloud of
ash?
«While the sun is shining and there is little sign of
volcanic ash in the southern regions of Bali, evidence of
volcanic ash at higher altitudes on aviation approach and departure paths has prompted the decision to close the airport,» Bali Tourism Board Chairman Ida Bagus Agung Partha Adnyana
said in a statement.
«According to pilot reports,
volcanic ash was found at an altitude of 2,000 to 4,000 feet,» Arie
said.
«The
volcanic ash has reached the area above the airport and it's disrupting the airway hence we are closing the airport for safety,»
said Agus.
The Transportation Ministry needs to pay attention to the aviation safety; it's important since the
volcanic ash from Mount Agung is very dangerous for airplanes and passenger safety,»
said Jokowi.
Transportation Ministry's air transportation director general Agus Santoso
said the closure was due to the eruption of Mount Agung in Bali that resulted in
volcanic ash that traveled to the east - southeast and headed to Lombok International Airport.
Based on volcanology data, the volcano's eruption was quite huge, with an amplitude level of 52 dB and a
volcanic ash altitude of more than 2,000 meters above the crater,»
said NTB Disaster Mitigation Agency (BPBD) head Muhammad Rum on Tuesday.
Russell Craig, Manchester Airport's Head of External Communications
said: «It's fantastic to receive this recognition — during our recent experiences with snow and the
volcanic ash cloud, Twitter became a vital channel.
I
say usually, since there are cases such as the trees flattened by the Tunguska impact, or buried by
volcanic ash, that quite obviously recorded direct effects these event.
Needless, to
say, land - based surface temperatures are impacted by other factors, such as upward trends in UHI,
ash clouds from
volcanic and war activity, persistent contrails and, perhaps, recent geo - engineering efforts.
«Any type of event like the
volcanic ash event really creates heightened awareness of the need for travel insurance,»
says Michael J. Ambrose, president of Travelex Insurance Services.
Temporary Housing —
Say something dreadful happens to your place — a fire, an infestation of rats, or fumigation by toxic
volcanic ash.