Sentences with phrase «scale assessments over»
This study combines 30 international large - scale assessments over 51 years, representing 100 countries and about 5.8 million students.
https://cepa.stanford.edu/ Not exact matches
While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»
Creating & Recognizing Quality Rubrics and accompanying CD - ROM draws from over 20 years of the author's direct experiences with developing rubrics and performance tasks, devising interesting ways to use rubrics as teaching tools in the classroom, employing rubrics to score thousands of pieces of student work for classroom and large - scale assessments, and working with teachers to make their rubrics more instructionally powerful.
As innovative assessments are administered and used for accountability and reporting in participating schools, states in the demonstration authority can apply lessons learned from implementation to improve their innovative systems and take these projects to scale, building a new statewide assessment system over 5 years - one that is high - quality, fair, and worth taking.
They are unique in the nation in that they have autonomy over budget, staffing, governance, curriculum and assessment, and the school calendar to provide increased flexibility to organize schools and staffing to best meet students» needs, while operating within the economy of scale of a large urban public school district.
However, none of these issues really affect the attribution argument because a) differences in magnitude of forcing over time are assessed by way of the scales in the attribution process, and b) errors in the spatial pattern will end up in the residuals, which are not large enough to change the overall assessment.
While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»
For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.
As the IPCC observed in its first assessment report in 1990, global climate in recent millennia «has fluctuated over a range of up to 2 degrees Celsius on time scales of centuries or more.»
The issue is the time of the year, latitude and type.The Krakatoa problem is well known eg Stenchikov 2006 ie that the models over estimate the global forcing.Hansen suggested that the observations were incorrect, however the Giss model gets the AO sign incorrect and arctic central temps incorrect in scale and time so.This is due to the incorrect heteregenous chemistry at high latitudes eg chapter3 WMO 2003, Ozone assessment 2011.
Even though the projections from the models were never intended to be predictions over such a short time scale, the observations through 2012 generally fall within the projections made in all past assessments.
As previously described, 25 the SES of the study members» parents was measured on a scale that placed occupations into one of 6 categories (with 1 indicating professional and 6, unskilled laborer) based on education and income associated with that occupation in data from the New Zealand census.45 To define childhood SES, we first identified at each assessment the highest SES of either parent and then averaged those measures over repeated assessments from study members» birth to age 15 years.
Prognostic factors Severity of positive and negative symptoms (schedules for positive and negative symptoms); course of illness over the past 2 years; level of functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF)-RRB-; premorbid functioning (Premorbid Adjustment scale); duration of untreated psychosis (interview for retrospective assessment of onset of schizophrenia); days of hospitalisation; number of contacts with psychiatric services; number of days in supported housing.
These assessment tools, widely known as the NCAST Feeding and Teaching Parent - Child Interaction scales, were initially taught in 1979 to over 600 nurses in a series of eight classes via satellite in the U.S..