Sentences with phrase «scale changes in the ocean»

Paleoclimatology; seasonal to millennial scale changes in ocean / atmosphere interactions and teleconnections; stable isotope and trace element geochemistry; polar and alpine glaciology

If large scale changes in the ocean ecology occur because of acidification the model can not reasonably be expected to capture the effects.

The paper he wrote together with Friis - Christensen in which he found a correlation between solar activity and clouds had a «slight» flaw: it ignored that the period of the study coincided with a big El Nino, and that large scale changes in ocean surface temperature are going to have an effect on cloud formation.

There is high confidence that this has caused large - scale changes in the ocean, in the cryosphere, and in sea level in the second half of the 20th century.

The available data are insufficient to say if the changes in O2 are caused by natural variability or are trends that are likely to persist in the future, but they do indicate that large - scale changes in ocean physics influence natural biogeochemical cycles, and thus the cycles of O2 and CO2 are likely to undergo changes if ocean circulation changes persist in the future.

It seems unlikely that low level clouds — especially marine stratocumulous — would not respond to large scale changes in ocean and atmospheric conditions.

The large scale changes in ocean and atmosphere are everywhere evident especially in hydrology.

Large - scale changes in ocean currents like the AMOC «are not unprecedented,» she added.

This in turn helps explain how factors such as fresh water from melting ice or changes in global wind patterns might lead to large - scale changes in ocean circulation or climate in the future.

Not exact matches

«The study demonstrates a robust century - scale link between ocean circulation changes in the Atlantic basin and rainfall in the adjacent continents during the past 4,000 years,» said UTIG Director Terry Quinn, a co-author on the study.

«Numerous changes in climate have been observed at the scales of continents or ocean basins.

Changes in ocean salinity, nutrient runoff and other pollution can cause small - scale bleaching, but scientists say the widespread global bleaching this year is a symptom of unusual ocean warming.

This change in ocean chemistry followed a large - scale ice age known as the Gaskiers glaciation.

The study, published in the American Geophysical Union's Geophysical Research Letters, is the first to document fine - scale changes taking place on the ice shelf that help maintain its natural balance with the surrounding ocean waters.

He believes that no one has thought of combining the two theories before because it's not an intuitive idea to look at how the effects of changing patterns of ocean circulation, which occur on time scales of thousands of years, would effect global silicate weathering, which in turn controls global climate on time scales of 100s of thousands of years.

The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.

Given the obvious concerns for human ecological health — in terms of climate change, heavy metal toxification, indoor air quality, air pollution, plastics in the oceans, and things like that — there will be a large - scale trend to buildings that start to act like organisms.

We know, however, that rapid warming of the planet increases the risk of crossing climatic points of no return, possibly setting in motion large - scale ocean circulation changes, the loss of major ice sheets, and species extinctions.

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

Millennial - scale glacial variability versus Holocene stability: Changes in planktic and benthic foraminifera faunas and ocean circulation in the North Atlantic during the last 60,000 years.

«By improving how we simulate the biological pump in the ocean, we both improve the model and reveal this unexpected resilience, whereby global - scale changes to the physical properties of the ocean have a smaller effect on the biological pump.

New research published this week in the Journal of Climate reveals that one key measurement — large - scale upper - ocean temperature changes caused by natural cycles of the ocean — is a good indicator of regional coastal sea level changes on these decadal timescales.

On a multi-decadal time scale the changes in surface air temperature and ocean heat down to 700 metres are generally in phase too.

Suppose also that — DESPITE THIS STABILIZING MECHANISM some as - yet unknown ocean circulation cycle operates that is the sole cause of the Holocene centennial scale fluctuations, and that this cycle has reversed and is operating today, yielding a temperature change that happens to mimic what models give in response to radiative forcing changes.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have all been found to significantly influence changes in surface air temperature and rainfall (climate) on decadal and multi-decadal scales, and these natural ocean oscillations have been robustly connected to changes in solar activity.

«Ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation are essentially irreversible on centennial time scales,» found the Royal Society, a London - based group specializing in scientific research, in a 2011 paper, «[O] nce these changes have occurred, it will take centuries for the ocean to recOcean warming, acidification and deoxygenation are essentially irreversible on centennial time scales,» found the Royal Society, a London - based group specializing in scientific research, in a 2011 paper, «[O] nce these changes have occurred, it will take centuries for the ocean to recocean to recover.

On shorter time scales, however, changes in heat storage (i.e., ocean heat uptake or release) can affect global mean temperature.

Examination of the geographical distribution of the differences in 0 to 700 m heat content between the 1977 — 1981 and 1965 — 1969 pentads and the 1986 — 1990 and 1977 — 1981 pentads shows that the pattern of heat content change has spatial scales of entire ocean basins and is also found in similar analyses by Ishii et al. (2006).

Observed changes in ocean heat content have now been shown to be inconsistent with simulated natural climate variability, but consistent with a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences both on a global scale, and in individual ocean basins.

The record numbers of stranded marine mammals we've seen in recent years indicates there is an urgent need for more science to help us all better understand how large - scale human impacts, such as climate change, overfishing and pollution, may be affecting the health of these animals and their ocean environment.

At the Paris meeting, nearly 2,000 participants, from countries on all continents and at all levels of development, flowed through dozens of sessions examining an array of policies and actions at all scales that could limit our influence on the atmosphere and oceans and limit risks that changes in the climate will derail human progress.

[Response: Here's a simple back - of - envelope consideration for the future: if the Greenland ice sheet melts completely over the next ~ 1,000 years (Jim Hansen argues in the current Climatic Change that the time scale could be centuries), this would contribute an average flux of ~ 0.1 Sv of freshwater to the surrounding ocean.

It is quite interesting that on annual time - scales, quite rapid changes in ocean heat storage can be observed down past 700 meters, as pointed out by the Willis paper reference.

I have no estimates but with all the inertia in the system (Ocean and Air), and with changes taken place in these systems (transient constraints)-RRB-, a transient response will likely be on the higher estimate scale.

Because the drains out of the various bathtubs involved in the climate — atmospheric concentrations, the heat balance of the surface and oceans, ice sheet accumulations, and thermal expansion of the oceans — are small and slow, the emissions we generate in the next few decades will lead to changes that, on any time scale we can contemplate, are irreversible.

Connell, Sean; Kroeker, Kristy; Fabricius, Katharina; Kline, David; Russell, Bayden We explore how ocean acidification combines with complex environmental changes across a number of scales, highlight the multiplicity of factors and complexities that cause variation, and raise awareness of CO2 as a resource whose change in availability could have wide ranging community consequences beyond its direct effects.

For weather predictions, accuracy disappears within a few weeks — but for ocean forecasts, accuracy seems to have decadal scale accuracy — and when you go to climate forcing effects, the timescale moves toward centuries, with the big uncertainties being ice sheet dynamics, changes in ocean circulation and the biosphere response.

One idea is that this is related to PDO and how slight changes in the earth's rotation rate can set in motion large - scale upwellings in the ocean that reverse as the rotation accelerates and decelerates.

Suppose also that — DESPITE THIS STABILIZING MECHANISM some as - yet unknown ocean circulation cycle operates that is the sole cause of the Holocene centennial scale fluctuations, and that this cycle has reversed and is operating today, yielding a temperature change that happens to mimic what models give in response to radiative forcing changes.

C is not constant for the dT» / dt equation to apply because heat penetrates through different parts of the climate system (different depths of the ocean in particular) over different time scales (also, if T» is supposed to be at some reference location or the global average at some vertical level, T» at other locations will vary; C will have to be an effective C value, the heat per unit change in the T» at the location (s) where T» occurs)

While rereading the ocean heat content changes by Levitus 2005 at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/PDF/PAPERS/grlheat05.pdf a remarkable sentence was noticed: «However, the large decrease in ocean heat content starting around 1980 suggests that internal variability of the Earth system significantly affects Earth's heat balance on decadal time - scales.»

Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record.

La Nina / PDO is a perfect example where changes in ocean currents / ocean upwelling affect heat transfer between the phases of the system (and cool the air)-- on a human time scale.

This suggests that the associated changes in North Atlantic Deep Water formation and in the large - scale deposition of wind - borne iron in the Southern Ocean had limited impact on CO2.

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

Changes in the ocean can cause dramatic changes to climate and weather patterns on a globalChanges in the ocean can cause dramatic changes to climate and weather patterns on a globalchanges to climate and weather patterns on a global scale.

So if there were, say, a decadal - scale 1 % -2 % reduction in cloud cover that allowed more SW radiation to penetrate into the ocean (as has been observed since the 1980s), do you think this would have an impact of greater magnitude on the heat in the oceans than a change of, say, +10 ppm (0.00001) in the atmospheric CO2 concentration?

Both are at different time scales, where any (theoretical) influence of CO2 need to change the ocean temperatures over a sufficient long period (10 - 30 years), to be visible in the statistics.

Temperatures measured by the ARGO floats and the XBTs before them are rising in the raw data, and the ocean heat content (OHC) is simply observed temperature change scaled by the thermal mass of the ocean layer in question - not some kind of complex model.