Sentences with phrase «scale climatological»

RESULTS The surface freshwater balance, E — P, for the period 1988 - 93, Figure 1a, shows the expected large - scale climatological features.

Although the simulation conditions in the MMD 20th - century simulations were not identical to those in the CMIP1 & 2 control runs, the differences do not alter the conclusions summarised below because the large - scale climatological features dominate, not the relatively small perturbations resulting from climate change.

Not exact matches

«This study presents the first evidence that urban areas birth or initiate thunderstorms more often than the surrounding rural areas on a climatological time scale,» Ashley says.

Intuitively, it might seem that models which are good at resolving the physics on short time scales should not be worse in a climatological sense.

In particular, a strong case has been made that climatological processes exhibit time - series structures that are not well represented by an AR (1) model, either, and that a richer, fractal (scaling), model might correspond better to both the physics and the observed data (see Koutsoyiannis, here).

A number of analysis methods have a tendency to lose variance at a range of time scales either because they do not explicitly resolve small scale processes (Kaplan et al. 1997, Smith et al. 2008) or because in the absence of data the method tends towards the climatological average (Ishii et al. 2005).

The current release includes well - established large - to global - scale mean climatological performance metrics.

Relating the observed chaotic character of the climatological series to the non-linearity of the equations ruling the weather and thus climate evolution, and presenting the example of a solution of the Lorenz non-linear equations showing that non-linearity may be responsible for the instability of the generated process, it seems justified to conclude that there are severe limits to climate predictability at all scales.

Additionally, climatological models, which incorporate CCN generation mechanisms and cloud microphysics, fail to produce significant change in global - scale CCN populations, cloud optical properties, or radiative forcing (Snow - Kropla et al. 2011; Dunne et al. 2012; Kazil et al. 2012).

There are no direct measurements of solar radiation on climatological time scales, but a variety of circumstantial evidence suggests that longer - term variations do occur, perhaps with larger amplitudes than those found in the two most recent eleven - year Schwabe cycles.

To date, most large - scale water vapor climatological studies have relied primarily on analysis of radiosonde data, which have good resolution in the lower troposphere in populated regions but are of limited value at high altitude and are lacking over remote oceanic regions.

Other studies have indicated that synoptic scale changes in cloud cover are more likely correlated with regional climatological modes or oscillations rather than GCRs (Laken et al. 2012a).

Boundary - forcing owing to sea - ice loss and more expansive snowcover can interact constructively with climatological large - scale waves to enhance wave activity and increase energy transfer from the troposphere to the stratosphere, which can trigger a SSW and weaken the SPV.