Sentences with phrase «scale ocean patterns»

Not exact matches

But over the last 20 years or so we've realized that that was quite wrong, and that large - scale ocean and atmosphere patterns are significantly more powerful in terms of shaping where the rains fall.»

In April 2008, scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory announced that while the La Niña was weakening, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-- a larger - scale, slower - cycling ocean pattern — had shifted to its cool phase.

SeaWiFS data show that photosynthesizing organisms have declined in certain ocean gyres (large - scale surface current patterns), said Jim Yoder, a scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in a NASA article commemorating the end of SeaWiFS's mission.

The ocean factors included upwelling of nutrient - rich water and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a large - scale marine temperature pattern.

At a global scale, the increased melting of the ice sheet contributes to rising sea level and may impact global ocean circulation patterns through the so - called «thermohaline circulation'that sustains among others, the Gulf Stream, which keeps Europe warm.

He believes that no one has thought of combining the two theories before because it's not an intuitive idea to look at how the effects of changing patterns of ocean circulation, which occur on time scales of thousands of years, would effect global silicate weathering, which in turn controls global climate on time scales of 100s of thousands of years.

And what we see is both how complex climate changes can be and how profound an effect changing patterns of ocean circulation can have on global climate states, if looked at on a geological time scale.»

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

The sparse proxy data failed to predict modern large - scale ocean circulation patterns.

Examination of the geographical distribution of the differences in 0 to 700 m heat content between the 1977 — 1981 and 1965 — 1969 pentads and the 1986 — 1990 and 1977 — 1981 pentads shows that the pattern of heat content change has spatial scales of entire ocean basins and is also found in similar analyses by Ishii et al. (2006).

But I believe there is little doubt that the record - breaking scale and potential destructiveness of Sandy is due in large part to the amplifying effects of warmer ocean temperatures, higher atmospheric moisture content, and unusual Arctic weather patterns.

# 8220; This multi-year Pacific Decadal Oscillation «cool» trend can intensify La Niña or diminish El Niño impacts around the Pacific basin,» said Bill Patzert, an oceanographer and climatologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. «The persistence of this large - scale pattern [in 2008] tells us there is much more than an isolated La Niña occurring in the Pacific Ocean.»

There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation where excessive warming patterns are changed, 2) enhancing (local convective scale) deep water formation where the changed excessive warming patterns are co-located with increased evaporation and increased salinity, and 3) shifting favored deep water formation locations as a result of a) shifted patterns of enhanced warming, b) shifted patterns of enhanced salinity and c) shifted patterns of circulation which transport these enhanced ocean features to critically altered destinations.

We need to be cognizant of everything from local - scale stable boundary layer micrometeorolgy and ocean unstable boundary layer turbulent processes to global oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation and the Gulf Stream's seasonal evolution.

Changes in the ocean can cause dramatic changes to climate and weather patterns on a global scale.

On the longest time - scale of geologic time, the shape and location of the continents helps to determine the oceans» circulation patterns.

In case you are interested, you can download the pattern that maximizes the integral time scale over global SST (including the Southern Ocean) here.

«Warming of the oceans... affecting... large - scale climate patterns... however, due to the long time scales of ocean dynamics... and the relatively short length of observational data... the effects of those changes on catastrophic risk... unclear.»

«Heat escaping from the ocean through polynyas impacts the large - scale energy budget of the ocean and atmosphere, cloud patterns, and even rainfall...»

Compare with NCEP / NCAR: Same global - scale patterns — key thing to note is patterns of equator - pole & land - ocean gradients, notably steep northern hemisphere winter western ocean boundary / eastern continent gradients — same large - scale annual cycle pattern on both animations.

The results show that the effects of SAL physics lead to time - varying, non-uniform spatial patterns and are an important component of ocean mass variability on scales from months to years.

Is the point not the forecast of SAT slowing down due to large scale ocean and atmosphere patterns?

The observed changes in salinity are of global scale, with similar patterns in different ocean basins (Figure 5.6).

In the words of NASA — «The persistence of this large - scale pattern [in 2008] tells us there is much more than an isolated La Niña occurring in the Pacific Ocean.»

Local knowledge of recurring ice retreat patterns constrained by, e.g., topography or ocean currents can further enhance outlooks at the regional scale, which is also discussed for the NWP below.

To estimate the uncertainty range (2σ) for mean tropical SST cooling, we consider the error contributions from (a) large - scale patterns in the ocean data temperature field, which hamper a direct comparison with a coarse - resolution model, and (b) the statistical error for each reconstructed paleo - temperature value.

The large interannual to decadal hydroclimatic variability in winter precipitation is highly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean and associated changes in large - scale atmospheric circulation patterns [16].

It is nonsense to think that cloud changes are not part of these shifts in large scale ocean and atmospheric patterns.

The most natural type of long term variability is in my view based on slowly varying changes in ocean circulation, which doesn't necessarily involve major transfer of heat from one place to another but influences cloudiness and other large scale weather patterns and through that the net energy flux of the Earth system.

The chemical composition and growth patterns of shells of marine organisms can be used to infer the physical and chemical features of the ocean on both recent and paleontological time scales [6], [7], [8], [9].

Decadal variability is described via large - scale patterns found in the atmosphere and ocean, which oscillate at decadal timescales and are concentrated in specific regions (e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations).

Gyre - Basin - scale ocean horizontal circulation pattern with slow flow circulating around the ocean basin, closed by a strong and narrow (100 - 200 km wide) boundary current on the western side.

These ocean upwelling conditions occur beneath a complementary downwelling branch of the atmosphere's Hadley circulation — a planetary - scale flow pattern in both hemispheres that takes humid air ascending at low latitudes, heats and desiccates it in deep precipitating tropical clouds, and then sinks it at midlatitudes, where it is considerably warmer and drier than it was.

Anthropogenic influences have contributed to observed increases in atmospheric moisture content in the atmosphere (medium confidence), to global - scale changes in precipitation patterns over land (medium confidence), to intensification of heavy precipitation over land regions where data are sufficient (medium confidence), and to changes in surface and subsurface ocean salinity (very likely).

Modes or patterns of climate variability - Natural variability of the climate system, in particular on seasonal and longer time scales, predominantly occurs with preferred spatial patterns and time scales, through the dynamical characteristics of the atmospheric circulation and through interactions with the land and ocean surfaces.

As it happens for the ocean tides, numerous other natural cycles may be present in the climate system at all time scales and may produce interesting interference patterns and a complex dynamics.

9.3.1 Global Mean Response 9.3.1.1 1 % / yr CO2 increase (CMIP2) experiments 9.3.1.2 Projections of future climate from forcing scenario experiments (IS92a) 9.3.1.3 Marker scenario experiments (SRES) 9.3.2 Patterns of Future Climate Change 9.3.2.1 Summary 9.3.3 Range of Temperature Response to SRES Emission Scenarios 9.3.3.1 Implications for temperature of stabilisation of greenhouse gases 9.3.4 Factors that Contribute to the Response 9.3.4.1 Climate sensitivity 9.3.4.2 The role of climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake 9.3.4.3 Thermohaline circulation changes 9.3.4.4 Time - scales of response 9.3.5 Changes in Variability 9.3.5.1 Intra-seasonal variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6 Conclusions

This in turn helps explain how factors such as fresh water from melting ice or changes in global wind patterns might lead to large - scale changes in ocean circulation or climate in the future.