After nearly a decade at URI, Evans became a program manager at the Office of Naval Research, which had supported much of his research on the interaction of small and large -
scale ocean phenomena.
Not exact matches
It should also be noted that the authors examined whether the large -
scale ocean circulation, the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and two other
ocean phenomena - the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Meridional Oscillation (AMO)- could explain the warming in the 20th century simulations, but found no evidence in the models.
I take a very simple and basic view on scientific issues, such as: if there are «local»
phenomena in the
ocean such as El Nino why shouldnt there be local
phenomena in the atmosphere even though the time
scale for «locality» may be at a different pace.
The formation of large -
scale mills in the southern
oceans is an interesting
phenomenon in this respect, although presumably oceanic computational fluid dynamical models may not necessarily reveal such complex vortex - type
phenomena.
Any atmosphere /
ocean coupled model worth its salt should have
phenomena similar to these as emergent from simulations (that is with extent and time
scales similar to the real thing).
[1] The SPCZ can affect the precipitation on Polynesian islands in the southwest Pacific
Ocean, so it is important to understand how the SPCZ behaves with large -
scale, global climate
phenomenon, such as the ITCZ, El Niño — Southern Oscillation, and the Interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), a portion of the Pacific decadal oscillation.
«El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important coupled
ocean - atmosphere
phenomenon to cause global climate variability on interannual time
scales.
The most likely implication of the unlikeliness of that proposition is that something in the
oceans on a larger
scale is driving the ENSO and PDO
phenomena.
You concluded with, «The most likely implication of the unlikeliness of that proposition is that something in the
oceans on a larger
scale is driving the ENSO and PDO
phenomena.»
Now forced to explain the warming hiatus, Trenberth has flipped flopped about the PDO's importance writing «One of the things emerging from several lines is that the IPCC has not paid enough attention to natural variability, on several time
scales,» «especially El Niños and La Niñas, the Pacific
Ocean phenomena that are not yet captured by climate models, and the longer term Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) which have cycle lengths of about 60 years.»
They also include models for things like: entry into and exit from Ice Ages, the effect of the Earth's orbit on climate, the earth's climate history on
scales of thousands to millions of years,
ocean - atmosphere couplings (e.g. heat transfer, CO2 sinks), decadal
phenomena such as ENSO and the PDO.
But I gather that Gunnar agrees with Mandelbrot — that although it may be possible to separate out the characteristic time -
scales of weather vs. climate, there are
phenomena that span the threshold — «rivers in
oceans» being one example.
The fractal
scaling behavior in the power spectra of 1 / f fluctuations abounds in astrophysical
phenomena (Press 1978:103): the Gutenberg - Richter law of earthquakes (Scholz 1991:41), volcanic activity (Scholz 1991:41), the flow rate of the Nile (Mandelbrot & Wallis 1969:321),
ocean currents (Taft & Hickery 1974:403) and daily average air humidity fluctuations (Vattay & Harnos 1993, unpublished).
http://illconsidered.blogspot.com/2006/04/historically-co2-never-causes.html 100 years of shift does not factor into the larger
scale phenomena http://illconsidered.blogspot.com/2006/01/one-hundred-years-is-not-enough.html Until climatologists can properly make models that reflect the entire global history and take into account plate position and how high the plates ride, oceanic levels due to this and the position of
oceans, overall insolation, overall daylength and its effects on average global temperature and factor in known carbon dioxide levels over that time period, then they will be unable to give any correlation between current carbon dioxide levels and global temperature.