[8] One recent study spatially overlaid the requisite physical parameters for kelp with mean
oceanographic conditions has produced a model predicting the existence of subsurface kelps throughout the tropics worldwide to depths of 200 m. For a hotspot in the Galapagos Islands, the local model was improved with fine -
scale data and tested; the
research team found thriving kelp forests in all eight of their sampled sites, all of which had been predicted by the model, thus validated their approach.