Sentences with phrase «scale precipitation patterns»

Ropelewski, C. F. & Halpert, M. S. Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the el niño / southern oscillation.

So apparently you're suggesting that decadal - scale precipitation patterns (more, less rainfall) and temperature changes are better explained by atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Not exact matches

«The storm was so strong, so intense, that the standard climate models that do not resolve fine - scale details were unable to characterize the severe precipitation or large scale meteorological pattern associated with the storm,» said Michael Wehner, a climate scientist in the lab's Computational Research Division and co-author of the paper.

On decadal time scales, annual streamflow variation and precipitation are driven by large - scale patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (see teleconnections description in Climate chapter)(Pederson et al. 2011a; Seager and Hoerling 2014).

As discussed in the Climate chapter, large - scale atmospheric circulation patterns connected to changes in sea - surface temperatures strongly influence natural variations in precipitation and temperature (e.g., Cayan et al. 1999; Mantua and Hare 2002).

This is addressed by evaluating change in global or large - scale patterns in the frequency or intensity of extremes (e.g., observed widespread intensification of precipitation extremes attributed to human influence, increase in frequency and intensity of hot extremes) and by event attribution methods.

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

MM directly note the link between bristlecone / foxtail pines and precipitation (p. 85, MM05b), which is exactly the kind of large - scale pattern registration that the MBH CFR method takes as axiomatic because large portions of this region are known to have important ENSO / precipitation teleconnections (cf. Rajagopalan et al., 2000; Cole and Cook, 1998).

«Lehmann et al. (2015) also found large — scale increasing patterns in extreme precipitation, with 12 % more record - breaking rainfall events over 1981 — 2010.

Because the model parameterizations are not scale aware, increased precipitation produces zonally asymmetric climate circulation patterns that characterize the «errors» in the model simulations.

The inability of global climate models to match the timing or placement of short - term or regional precipitation patterns such as the West African monsoon may be alleviated by «downscaling» to use smaller scale climate models with increased area resolution.

The large interannual to decadal hydroclimatic variability in winter precipitation is highly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean and associated changes in large - scale atmospheric circulation patterns [16].

On a regional scale, these parameters strongly impact on weather and climate in Europe, determining precipitation patterns and strengths, as well as changes in temperature and wind patterns.

Lower case a-h refer to how the literature was addressed in terms of up / downscaling (a — clearly defined global impact for a specific ΔT against a specific baseline, upscaling not necessary; b — clearly defined regional impact at a specific regional ΔT where no GCM used; c — clearly defined regional impact as a result of specific GCM scenarios but study only used the regional ΔT; d — as c but impacts also the result of regional precipitation changes; e — as b but impacts also the result of regional precipitation change; f — regional temperature change is off - scale for upscaling with available GCM patterns to 2100, in which case upscaling is, where possible, approximated by using Figures 10.5 and 10.8 from Meehl et al., 2007; g — studies which estimate the range of possible outcomes in a given location or region considering a multi-model ensemble linked to a global temperature change.

Anthropogenic influences have contributed to observed increases in atmospheric moisture content in the atmosphere (medium confidence), to global - scale changes in precipitation patterns over land (medium confidence), to intensification of heavy precipitation over land regions where data are sufficient (medium confidence), and to changes in surface and subsurface ocean salinity (very likely).

However, since climate models are better able to capture broad patterns of middle atmospheric pressure (which are strongly linked to precipitation) than precipitation itself, it's likely that we can still say something meaningful about trends in large - scale atmospheric patterns conducive to low precipitation (and, therefore, drought).

9.3.1 Global Mean Response 9.3.1.1 1 % / yr CO2 increase (CMIP2) experiments 9.3.1.2 Projections of future climate from forcing scenario experiments (IS92a) 9.3.1.3 Marker scenario experiments (SRES) 9.3.2 Patterns of Future Climate Change 9.3.2.1 Summary 9.3.3 Range of Temperature Response to SRES Emission Scenarios 9.3.3.1 Implications for temperature of stabilisation of greenhouse gases 9.3.4 Factors that Contribute to the Response 9.3.4.1 Climate sensitivity 9.3.4.2 The role of climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake 9.3.4.3 Thermohaline circulation changes 9.3.4.4 Time - scales of response 9.3.5 Changes in Variability 9.3.5.1 Intra-seasonal variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6 Conclusions

Periodic precipitation in the drought areas and dryness in the stormy areas also are typical within the larger scale climate pattern described above.

The patterns and magnitude of the precipitation changes (scaled to a global mean warming of 4 °C) are similar in the high - end and non-high-end models, although the reductions in precipitation tend to be slightly greater in the high - end models.

In summary, in contrast with the simulations of extreme temperature by climate models, extreme precipitation is difficult to reproduce, especially for the intensities and patterns of heavy rainfall which are heavily affected by the local scale (see Chapter 10).

Assess and synthesize existing knowledge base on the links between Large Scale Circulation Patterns (LSCP) and short term temperature and precipitation extremes.