Sentences with phrase «scale structure by»

Chang says it would cost about $ 20 million, a tiny fraction of the $ 2 billion radio astronomers want for the proposed Square Kilometre Array (SKA) of radio telescopes, which aims to trace large - scale structure by locating individual galaxies.

Not exact matches

The team created a new, super-waterproof material by engineering a surface with particular nano - scale structures.

If your organization is an innovative social enterprise that wants to scale beyond the limits set by «related business,» grants and donations, you will likely rule out a registered charity structure and consider the not - for - profit organizational structure («NFP»).

Both offer large scale systematic accounts of the nature of reality in general, largely dismissing the suggestion that the only world we can know is one whose main structure is determined by the human cognitive system and which, therefore, only exists for us.

Given that the large - scale structure of the universe is dominated by the presence of still mysterious Dark Matter, and that on the smallest scales empty space sustains quantum oscillations whose energy density dwarfs that of all known forms of matter, we should hesitate to imply that the physical and spiritual realms can not be even partially consubstantial.

However, if the vulgar incomes of the richest Americans result from relaxed social norms rather than from productive forces inherent in the market economy, as Krugman surmises, then social and political changes, such as those advocated by Hollenbach and Hicks, can extend the structure of accountability to these upper echelons of the income scale.

Gontard explained the packaging is developed using composite structures based on constituents (biopolyesters, fibers, proteins, polyphenolic compounds, bioadhesives and high - performance bio-additives) derived from food industry (oil, dairy, cereal and beer) by - products and by applying processing strategies (blends and multilayers at different scales) to customize the packaging's properties.

While some children seem to be «climbers» by nature, it doesn't mean that your child will only be happy when he's scaling tall (and not - so - tall) structures.

Linking high - energy cosmic particles by black - hole jets embedded in large - scale structures.

The Nutritional State - structured Model (NSM) by ecologist Justin Yeakel (UC Merced), biologist Chris Kempes (Santa Fe Institute), and physicist Sidney Redner (Santa Fe Institute) incorporates body size and metabolic scaling into an extinction model where «hungry» or «full» animals, great and small, interact and procreate on a landscape with limited resources.

This assumption is justified by the observations that, while the universe is «weakly» inhomogeneous and anisotropic (see the large - scale structure of the cosmos), it is on average homogeneous and isotropic.

Simulations of how large - scale cosmic structures form suggest that galaxies are connected by a vast network of dark matter, the evasive substance that makes up most of the universe's matter but interacts with regular matter only via gravity (SN Online: 10/11/17).

Now, they've extended that work by designing a computer - controlled process to not only create dense stainless steel layers, but to more tightly control the structure of their material from the nanoscale to micron scale.

The new technique builds on a different method: creating flat structures with light - wave - scale subdivisions by hardening special resins, called photoresists, with light.

Lozier (p. 1507) discusses how recent studies have challenged our view of large - scale ocean circulation as a simple conveyor belt, by revealing a more complex and nuanced system that reflects the effects of ocean eddies and surface atmospheric winds on the structure and variability of the ocean's overturning.

In a study, reported in the January 21, 2016 issue of Nano Letters, the team demonstrated a new redox - responsive assembly method to synthesize hierarchically structured carbon - sheathed germanium nanowires (c - GeNWs) on a large scale by the use of self - catalytic growth process assisted by thermally decomposed natural gas.

In the current tests of the two - story, 22 - foot - tall structure, the researchers are studying the behavior of full - scale seismic safety systems made from advanced wood materials — including rocking walls, which can rock during a temblor and then re-center back by itself, and a mass timber floor designed to withstand strong earthquakes.

«Asantha developed an idea for studying galaxies by measuring their large - scale structure.

By changing the crystallization speed of a polymer initially well mixed with nanoparticles, the team was able to control how the nanoparticles self - assemble into structures at three very different length scale regimes.

The research team was able to study the evolution of the large scale structure in the Universe by comparing the mass distribution in the Universe and the distribution of the galaxies.

The material — which is 20 times whiter than paper — is made from non-toxic cellulose and achieves such bright whiteness by mimicking the structure of the ultra-thin scales of certain types of beetle.

Kumar's group, experts in tuning the structure and therefore the properties of polymer nanocomposites, found that, by mixing nanoparticles in a solution of polymers (polyethylene oxide) and changing the crystallization speed by varying the degree of sub-cooling (namely how far below the melting point the crystallization was conducted), they could control how the nanoparticles self - assembled into three different scale regimes: nano, micro, and macro-meter.

By merging this concept of the early universe with specific mathematical models of the effects of dark energy, scientists were able to predict a characteristic scale — a typical distance between concentrations of galaxies — that should be evident in the structure of the universe.

Start by creating a cadre of new investigators committed to working across professional and scientific boundaries, then build a structure for large - scale research projects.

According to the first theory, the seeds which gave rise to the present day structure in the Universe are quantum fluctuations, minute variations on a subatomic scale that were expanded by more than 60 orders of magnitude as the Universe went through an «inflationary phase» — a period of extremely rapid expansion — first proposed by Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

PhD student Clara Hedegaard, leading author of the paper, added: «This method enables the possibility to build 3D structures by printing multiple types of biomolecules capable of assembling into well defined structures at multiple scales.

The team also demonstrated the utility of the platform by applying it to examine a growth - modulating feedback circuit whose dynamics is qualitatively altered by circuit - host couplings and revealing the behaviors of a toggle switch across scales from single - cell dynamics to population structure and to spatial ecology.

The study also demonstrates that this can be accomplished in many ways — by coating the absorbing layer with metal or with a crystal structure that contains patterns on the scale of the wavelength of light, by embedding the absorber in a more complex three - dimensional array.

«The light elements that makes up these «molecular tadpoles» are easily located by neutrons» says Dr Isabelle Grillo, at the ILL. «Moreover, small angle neutron scattering which we use at the ILL allows to characterise the self - assembled systems from the nanometre scale to tenth of micrometres and is perfectly adapted to observe the coming together of the C60 footballs» into these beautiful core structures.»

While a startup is best served by a loosely structured, flexible and informal organization, rapid growth and scaling requires structure, process and discipline.

«The large - scale differences in the structures and transmission characteristics of these proteins — caused by what amounts to seemingly insignificant differences in the positions of a few carbon and hydrogen atoms — are quite remarkable,» Jaroniec said.

With the aid of state - of - the - art electron microscopy, the researchers discovered that the function of the nanometre - scale catalyst particles is decisively determined by their geometric shape and atomic structure.

By convention light can be focussed to a spot no smaller than about a micron whereas nano structures by definition are three orders of magnitude smaller in scalBy convention light can be focussed to a spot no smaller than about a micron whereas nano structures by definition are three orders of magnitude smaller in scalby definition are three orders of magnitude smaller in scale.

The growth can be controlled by varying the number of building blocks added or by changing the solution pH. Repair using peptoid monomers with differing structure and chemistry demonstrated that the lipid - like design of these membranes could essentially be rewritten by inserting patterns of new distinct functional groups into them with nanometer - scale precision to produce multifunctional two - dimensional materials by design.

Twisting laser light offers the chance to probe the nano - scale: A new method to sensitively measure the structure of molecules has been demonstrated by twisting laser light and aiming it at miniscule gold gratings to separate out wavelengths: April 5th, 2018

By combining these with observations from Planck, we can now obtain a link to the large - scale structures of giant molecular clouds,» remarks Timea Csengeri from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR), Bonn, Germany, who led the work of combining the APEX and Planck data.

Such intriguing properties are due to the interaction of light with electronic resonances which can be controlled by structuring the metal at the subwavelength scale.

Tornabene L. L. et al. (2013), Meter - to decameter - scale morphology of melt rocks, breccias, bedrock and structures in central uplifts revealed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Large Meteorite Impacts V, held Aug. 5 - 9th, 2013 in Sudbury, ON.

For better understanding of the inferior performance in fuel cells, morphology and ion conductive structure were investigated at nanometer scale by a material sensitive, conductive AFM.

Dark energy is detected by its effect on the rate at which the universe expands and its effect on the rate at which large - scale structures such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies form through gravitational instabilities.

Studying the effect of dark energy on large - scale structure involves measuring subtle distortions in the shapes of galaxies arising from the bending of space by intervening matter, a phenomenon known as «weak lensing.»

My research addresses this need by (1) Characterising the spatially explicit functional role of reef fish; (2) Evaluating the interaction of fish with coral reef structure across spatial scales; and (3) Uses this information to evaluate the effectiveness of cross-scale diversity of function in fish as an indicator of resilience in coral reef ecosystems.

These processes are influenced by the atomic - scale structure at their interface with water.

The large - scale optical and radio structures previously have been thought to indicate the symmetry axis of the active nucleus in the inner light - months of the galaxy, an idea now called into question by the new VLBA images.

A thick layer of interstellar dust obscures much of the Galaxy from scrutiny by optical telescopes, and astronomers can determine its large - scale structure only with the aid of radio and infrared telescopes, which can detect the forms of radiation that penetrate the obscuring matter.

Nanotechnology refers to manipulating the structure of matter on a length scale of some small number of nanometers, interpreted by different people at different times as meaning anything from 0.1 nm (controlling the arrangement of individual atoms) to 100 nm or more (anything smaller than microtechnology).

From the mid-1980s on progress in nanometer - scale science and technology exploded, and the term nanotechnology was appropriated by researchers, media, businesses, and funding agencies to refer to any technology in which control of the structure of matter on a scale of nanometers to tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers in at least one dimension enabled unique phenomena and novel applications.

Examples of science projects enabled by the data in the High - Latitude Survey include: mapping the formation of cosmic structure in the first billion years after the Big Bang via the detection and characterization of over 10,000 galaxies at z > 8; finding over 2,000 QSOs at z > 7; quantifying the distribution of dark matter on intermediate and large scales through lensing in clusters and in the field; identifying the most extreme star - forming galaxies and shock - dominated systems at 1 < z < 2; carrying out a complete census of star - forming galaxies and the faint end of the QSO luminosity function at z ~ 2, including their contribution to the ionizing radiation; and determining the kinematics of stellar streams in the Local Group through proper motions.

At ZIB we aim at understanding biological and biochemical processes with a high spatio - temporal resolution by extracting biological structures from large - scale microscopy and by mathematical modeling of biological networks.

Scientists have unveiled the most accurate measurement ever made of the present large - scale structure of the Universe by studying the mysterious forces of dark matter and dark energy.