Sentences with phrase «scale turbulence»

In the lower PBL, the main energy transport takes place through small - scale turbulence with short time scales which may not be well represented by monthly mean values from the atmospheric model used for the reanalysis.

He's confident that as numerical techniques improve and scientists gain a better understanding of fluid dynamics and the relationship between small - scale turbulence and large - scale motion, future models will become more robust.

In the atmosphere, for example, large scale turbulence moves energy across many 100's of kilometers.

Canuto, V.M., and I. Goldman, 1985: Analytical model for large - scale turbulence.

Canuto, V.M., 2015: PV dynamics: The role of small - scale turbulence, submesoscales and mesoscales.

Air moves along slightly deformed but essentially horizontal surfaces except in unstable moist convection and small - scale turbulence.

Tan, Z., C. M. Kaul, K. G. Pressel, Y. Cohen, T. Schneider, and J. Teixeira, 2018: An extended eddy - diffusivity mass - flux scheme for unified representation of subgrid - scale turbulence and convection.

The spherical tokamak this research was based on enables the impact of electrons to be more readily seen, since the much larger ion - scale turbulence in such tokamaks is usually suppressed.

«NSTX is one of the few tokamaks in the world that can obtain a direct measurement of electron - scale turbulence,» said Juan Ruiz Ruiz, a graduate student at MIT and first author of the most recent paper.

The traditional theory for how small - scale turbulence dissipates energy states that as an eddy dies out, it transmits its energy to smaller and smaller scales.

One of the most harmful phenomena these investigations have discovered is the drift instability, which leads to small - scale turbulence of the plasma that efficiently transports heat and particles by convection to the outer regions, where they are lost and unable to contribute to nuclear fusion.

MIXING IT UP One swimming brine shrimp generates small - scale turbulence (time lapse of suspended particles in green).

Not exact matches

«Previous studies looked for turbulence or eddies on the scale of the animals» size,» he says, instead of large downward jets.

«Turbulence: Adequate scaling thanks to surface roughness.»

With a vertical spatial resolution of 10 meters, the new system could measure small - scale wind phenomena such as wind shear and the wake turbulence created by an aircraft.

1 EXPERIENCING TURBULENCE Koblin used the Bézier method of curve analysis (which coincidentally is also used to design airplane bodies) to accentuate any flight plan changes hidden by the map's massive scale.

The study was focused on a form of turbulence known as mesoscale eddies, ocean swirls on the scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers across that last anywhere from a month to a year.

The motion gets progressively messier as complicated turbulence converts the coordinated motion of the gas blob into random motion on ever - smaller scales.

«We found that the magnetic field direction is quite well preserved from large to small scales, implying that self - gravity and cloud turbulence are not able to significantly alter the field direction,» said lead author Hua - bai Li (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), who conducted the high - resolution observations while a post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).

Using the extreme - scale XGC1 kinetic code for the modeling, researchers found that neutral atoms impact turbulence from IGT in a couple of ways.

In the first basic - physics attempt to study the impact, PPPL physicist Daren Stotler, working under PPPL's C.S. Chang, used an extreme - scale computer code to model how the recycled neutral atoms tend to increase turbulence in detail that had never before been possible.

Required capabilities include kinetic turbulence simulations, related three - dimensional fluid simulations with gyro - Landau kinetic extensions, large - scale molecular dynamics simulations of materials, and couplings of lower - dimensional models (for fast analyses) to simulate interactions between zones and particle species.

The cool skin behaves quite differently to the water below, because it is the boundary where the ocean and air meet, and therefore turbulence (the transfer of energy / heat via large - scale motion) falls away as it approaches this boundary.

Now, using two separate sets of data sent back by the Cluster spacecraft, an international team of scientists has been able to probe this turbulence in more detail and at smaller scales than ever before observed.

Located in the urban - rural periphery of Nairobi, the campus is easily accessible from the city center while being surrounded by small scale agriculture, away from the noise, pollution, and turbulence of the city (Upper Kabete Campus on Google Maps).

Rhode Island said its 529 plan will scale back some investors» exposure to stocks when market turbulence picks up.

Conceived and developed over the past 10 years, «The Turbulence Series» features five large - scale aluminum sculptures and a number of smaller works, plus a selection of works on paper.

The eleven artists juxtapose divergent approaches in conversation with each other, reflecting on primal questions consuming artists over the millennia: Elliot Arkin's conceptual use of web - based commerce spins an absurdist view on the commodification of artists; Babette Bloch's stainless steel reassessments of nature and artistic precedent limn positives and negatives through light; Christopher Carroll Calkins's street photography captures moments of under - the - radar narratives; Valentina DuBasky's acrylic and marble dust works on paper and plaster are a contemporary comment on the prehistory of art; Gabriel Ferrer's performance - like in - the - moment sumi - ink drawings on handmade paper reflect on memory and personal narrative; Christopher Gallego's realist, pure light - filled oil painting elevates the ordinariness of an artist's space to visual poetry; Ana Golici, in pergamano and collage, takes inspiration from 17th Century female naturalist, entomologist and botanical illustrator Maria Sibylla Merian to explore questions of science, nature and objective truth; Emilie Lemakis's monumental amplification of an ancient Greek krater employs scale to upend perceptions for the viewer's reconsideration; Mark Mellon's bronzes address the oppositions of movement and stillness; the alchemy of Michael Townsend's uncontrolled poured acrylic paintings equate the properties of materials with the turbulence of the universe; Jessica Daryl Winer's engagement with luminous color and choreographic line reflects in visual resonance the sonic history of a musical instrument.

This was a period of economic turbulence, leading to large - scale migration of workers from the south to the north of Europe.

DEBRA BLOOMFIELD Debra Bloomfield's newest large - scale photograph series, Seas, embodies the subtle variations of tones, the brilliant gradations of the sky, and the muted turbulence of the surfac...

This is the same ugly face of the general problem of turbulence — continuous spectrum of scales, so any artificial limit on the length of averages will always miss something, and the simplfied equations can not form a closed solvable set (someone here was confused about importance and relevance of this problem).

I would expect convection and turbulence to come into play, especially hurricanes as they send heat into the atmosphere and cool the ocean below on a large scale, and are themselves so unpredictable.

Instead, it is a dynamically active, essentially turbulent fluid, in which large - scale tracer patterns arise from active turbulence and do not necessarily imply domination of the physics and climate system by large - scale flow fields....»

So any theory of climate must build upon a theory of atmospheric turbulence across a vast range of scales.

Finally, they say, any increase in clear air turbulence would have important implications for large - scale atmospheric circulation, because clear air turbulence contributes significantly to exchanges between the stratosphere and the lower atmosphere.

But in the free troposphere vertical motion does occur - sustained changes at the boundary layer propagate upwards, horizontal weather systems at the mesoscale generate their own turbulence, and at the largest scales the Hadley cells drive upward and downward motions.

These motions are the residual turbulence from convection and other forces, and occur at a wide range of scales, and I wouldn't regard them as fast or organised enough to be called «wind».

Diffusivity applies on the microscale because models on that scale are not affected by advection or turbulence.

Primary developer of «ultraparameterization» — an exploratory strategy that attempts to include explicit boundary layer turbulence for the first time in a global climate model, on scales of 20 - m (vertical) and 200 - m (horizontal) or less.

Gunilla Svensson's research interest ranges from atmospheric boundary - layer turbulence and clouds to the global scale circulation.

Vainshtein, S. I Sreenivasan, K.R., Pierrehumbert, R. T., Kashyap, V., and Juneja, A. 1994: Scaling exponents for turbulence and other random processes and their relationships with multifractal structure.

Although the work was carried out in the lab, the research is the first to show that migrating zooplankton — or any organism — can create turbulence at a scale large enough to mix the ocean's waters.

Almost all eddies dissipate, however, soon and looking at a larger scale they form just stochastic disturbances and their combined effect can be approximately described by some deterministic turbulence model like k - epsilon model.

In this model the standard set of equations plus some additional numerical schemes are combined to find the dependence of some variable of interest (in this case, hurricane velocity V) on other variables and parameters, of which one is the turbulence length scale hl.

Of course the theory is valid if the assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity at small scales are valid and that demands for high Reynolds (fully developped turbulence) and intuitively we can indeed visualise that a very turbulent flow will have plenty of small eddies everywhere.

Yet making progress is challenging, in part because their dynamics involve three - dimensional, turbulent fluid motions on the scale of a few meters, the nonlinear interaction of turbulence with the formation of cloud droplets, and the interaction of these cloud droplets with radiation (e.g. Wood (2012)-RRB-.

Not only do the oceans contain a maze of often shifting current systems, they are filled with turbulence that can be viewed on a scale of just a cubic centimeter to the thousands of swirling eddies a few hundred kilometers wide.

Large scale convection drives turbulence with a wide frequency spectrum at extra-tropical latitudes, and this can either feed energy randomly into resonant systems, or the chaotic turbulence can flip from one domain of behaviour to another at random.

We find that not only are grid - scale fluctuations temporally correlated up to a day, but they possess a self - similar structure — a signature of long - range correlations in atmospheric turbulence affecting wind power.

We find in all cases that the passive scalar is diffused down - gradient with a diffusion coefficient that is well - predicted from estimates of mixing length and velocity scale obtained from turbulence phenomenology.