Sentences with phrase «scale variability of»

Comparison with the literature shows that the CSSR draft misleads by omission in not mentioning both the strong decadal ‐ scale variability of GMSL rates during the 20th century and the fact that the most recent values of the rate are statistically indistinguishable from those during the first half of the 20th century.

Seasonal to centennial - scale variability of microparticle concentration and size distribution in the WAIS Divide ice core over the past 2.4 ka.

Koffman, B.G., Kreutz, K.J., Breton, D.J., Kane, E.J., Winski, D.A., Birkel, S.D., Kurbatov, A.V., and Handley, M.J., 2014, Centennial - scale variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt in the eastern Pacific over the past two millennia.

Tompkins, A., 2002: A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid - scale variability of water vapor and clouds in large - scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover.

Not exact matches

Examination of variability in food density and larval abundance at the river segment, reach and riverscape scales

Specifically designed to have two generous sizes, the Thirsties Duo All In One Diaper offers the same variability as a one size diaper system, as well as a more comfortable, snugger, leakproof fit for babies on both sides of the size scale; Thirsties will fit a tiny newborn, as well as a much larger, potty training Toddler.

«We will evaluate these responses for the first time at a regional scale using remotely sensed indicators of vegetation condition and fire - induced tree mortality to measure the response of floodplain forests to inter-annual flood variability and extreme climate events,» said Marcia Macedo, a research associate at the Woods Hole Research Center.

In 1964, the Norwegian climate researcher Jacob Bjerknes postulated different causes of climate variability on different time scales.

Lozier (p. 1507) discusses how recent studies have challenged our view of large - scale ocean circulation as a simple conveyor belt, by revealing a more complex and nuanced system that reflects the effects of ocean eddies and surface atmospheric winds on the structure and variability of the ocean's overturning.

This was enabled by creating autonomous robots designed to operate in large groups and to cooperate through local interactions and by developing a collective algorithm for shape formation that is highly robust to the variability and error characteristic of large - scale decentralized systems.

«Ironically, the project MASTER, initially intended for observing fast happening phenomena, such as for example the consequences of the Gamma - ray bursts and star flashes, discovered an unprecedented variability of a totally different scale,» comments Denis Denisenko.

However, the devices still can not be fabricated with low variability and low spread of electronic properties as required for large scale production.

However, the researchers also considered another possibility: If forests regenerate as mosaics of suitable trees on the landscape (based on size and density), though individual trees may come under attack by bark beetles, this variability might also protect the forest from broad - scale outbreaks.

«Africa has the greatest amount of phenotypic variability in skin color, and yet it's been underrepresented in large scale endeavors,» said Alicia Martin, a postdoctoral scientist in the lab of Broad Institute member Mark Daly.

By leading to variability in the density and size of trees that grow during recovery, large fires reduce the future vulnerability of forests to bark beetle attacks and broad - scale outbreaks.

April 23, 2018 - A new earth modeling system unveiled today will have weather - scale resolution and use advanced computers to simulate aspects of Earth's variability and anticipate decadal changes that will critically impact the U.S. energy sector in coming years.

Modes of climate variability contribute to significant MHW variations both regionally, and globally, but do not greatly affect the centennial - scale secular changes described above.

Nonetheless, even if the substantial recent trend in the AO pattern is simply a product of natural multidecadal variability in North Atlantic climate, it underscores the fact that western and southern Greenland is an extremely poor place to look, from a signal vs. noise point of view, for the large - scale polar amplification signature of anthropogenic surface warming.

On this latter scale teleconnections manifest as a response of middle - latitude weather to the dominant modes of variability of the tropics (the Madden - Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intra-seasonal Oscillations, which similar to El Niño and La Niña characterize variations of climate but on shorter time scales).

Bamzai, A.S., 2003: Relationship between snow cover variability and Arctic Oscillation Index on a hierarchy of time scales.

The other problem is that the scale of the difference is masked more readily by variability, events such as Krakatoa, and the needs of statistics to hit significance levels... TBH I haven't done the math, but we shouldn't be surprised if we now achieve in a year, in emissions terms, what would have taken most of the nineteenth century to manage.

The CTD sections show that the deeper layers are also warmer and slightly saltier and the observed sea level can be explained by steric expansion over the upper 2000 m. ENSO variability impacts on the northern part of the section, and a simple Sverdrup transport model shows how large - scale changes in the wind forcing, related to the Southern Annular Mode, may contribute to the deeper warming to the south.

The dominant mode of global - scale variability on interannual time scales is ENSO, although there have been times when it is less apparent.

While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»

Monitoring, understanding, and predicting oceanic variations associated with natural climate variability and human - induced changes, and assessing the related roles of the ocean on multiple spatial - temporal scales.

January 2004: «Directions for Climate Research» Here, ExxonMobil outlines areas where it deemed more research was necessary, such as «natural climate variability, ocean currents and heat transfer, the hydrological cycle, and the ability of climate models to predict changes on a regional and local scale.»

An enhanced variability of temperature during the last millenium suggested by the work of Esper, Moberg, etc. is mainly related to the time frame 1000 — 1900 and the centennial time - scale.

On decadal time scales, annual streamflow variation and precipitation are driven by large - scale patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (see teleconnections description in Climate chapter)(Pederson et al. 2011a; Seager and Hoerling 2014).

Figure 4 - Spatial variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) trends scaled with the global surface air temperature (SAT) trend for each simulation used in the study.

Large scale genomic and transcriptomic interrogation of cancer has confirmed the incredible variability of the genomic landscape of many tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which more than 28,000 different somatic mutations have been identified.

«It is odd to me to think of century - scale hydroclimate variability in terms of «extremes», a term typically reserved in climate science for timescales of hours to years.»

Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century, we find an increasing variance in multidecadal hydroclimatic winter and spring, and this coincides with an increase in the multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability, suggesting a significant influence of large - scale atmospheric circulation patterns.

Jiacan has worked on several projects on climate dynamics, including the response of large - scale circulations in the warming climate, its effects on regional weather patterns and extreme events, tropical influence on mid-latitude weather, and dynamical mechanisms of sub-seasonal variability of mid-latitude jet streams.

Role of small - scale variability on climate scales.

In this region, much of the year - to - year temperature variability is associated with the leading mode of large - scale circulation variability in the North Atlantic, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation.

Temporal scaling of temperature variability from land to oceans.

Nate, a member of the FI Board of Directors, is the leader for the Landscape Ecology Team at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center, and has expertise about decadal - scale climate variability and ecosystem regime shifts.

However, the large - scale nature of heat content variability, the similarity of the Levitus et al. (2005a) and the Ishii et al. (2006) analyses and new results showing a decrease in the global heat content in a period with much better data coverage (Lyman et al., 2006), gives confidence that there is substantial inter-decadal variability in global ocean heat content.

Our climate forcing models account for 18 — 88 % (ave = 0.60) of the annual variability at the local scale, and 66 — 77 % (ave = 0.71) at the regional scale when nesting data from 1954 — 2009 are considered (Table S1).

In sharp contrast, model simulations of internal and total natural variability can not produce the same sustained, large - scale warming of the troposphere and cooling of the stratosphere.

The upper tail is particularly long in studies using diagnostics based on large - scale mean data because separation of the greenhouse gas response from that to aerosols or climate variability is more difficult with such diagnostics (Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001; Gregory et al., 2002a; Knutti et al., 2002, 2003).

We're also learning that natural variability is really important when we're looking over time scales of anywhere from the next year or two to even a couple of decades in the future.

The SAM contributes a significant proportion of SH mid-latitude circulation variability on many time scales (Hartmann and Lo, 1998; Kidson, 1999; Thompson and Wallace, 2000; Baldwin, 2001).

Variability with MJO characteristics (e.g., convection and wind anomalies of the correct spatial scale that propagate coherently eastward with realistic phase speeds) is simulated in many contemporary models (e.g., Sperber et al., 2005; Zhang, 2005), but this variability is typically not simulated to occur often enough or with sufficient strength so that the MJO stands out realistically above the broadband background variability (Lin et Variability with MJO characteristics (e.g., convection and wind anomalies of the correct spatial scale that propagate coherently eastward with realistic phase speeds) is simulated in many contemporary models (e.g., Sperber et al., 2005; Zhang, 2005), but this variability is typically not simulated to occur often enough or with sufficient strength so that the MJO stands out realistically above the broadband background variability (Lin et variability is typically not simulated to occur often enough or with sufficient strength so that the MJO stands out realistically above the broadband background variability (Lin et variability (Lin et al., 2006).

Observed changes in ocean heat content have now been shown to be inconsistent with simulated natural climate variability, but consistent with a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences both on a global scale, and in individual ocean basins.

Aims: We aim to demonstrate the persistence of the phenomenon over time scales of a few years and to search for variability of our previously detected excesses.

However, we must (1) compare the solar forcing with the net of other forcings, which enhances the importance of solar change, because the net forcing is smaller than the GHG forcing, and (2) consider forcing changes on longer time scales, which greatly diminishes the importance of solar change, because solar variability is mainly oscillatory.

Quite honestly, the only real attention I pay to quarterly earnings (because of the variability) is to provide some guidance about the scale of annual shareholder distributions (regular & special dividends, plus share buybacks).

For breeds without a small or decreasing population size, it would be beneficial for Kennel Clubs worldwide to impose limitations on the number of offspring per stud, thus reducing the popular sire effect and promoting increased genetic variability on a population - wide scale.

With only 30 + year time series of sea ice extent or volume, this is something difficult to do so we have to strive to construct longer time series that allow an assessment of natural variability at those times scales.