Sentences with phrase «scale variability on»

The ENSO is the dominant mode of global - scale variability on interannual time scales although there have been times when it is less apparent.

Role of small - scale variability on climate scales.

The dominant mode of global - scale variability on interannual time scales is ENSO, although there have been times when it is less apparent.

Not exact matches

Specifically designed to have two generous sizes, the Thirsties Duo All In One Diaper offers the same variability as a one size diaper system, as well as a more comfortable, snugger, leakproof fit for babies on both sides of the size scale; Thirsties will fit a tiny newborn, as well as a much larger, potty training Toddler.

This variability from site to site and state to state inspired the research team to conduct this study on a much larger scale.

A study led by scientists at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel shows that the ocean currents influence the heat exchange between ocean and atmosphere and thus can explain climate variability on decadal time scales.

In 1964, the Norwegian climate researcher Jacob Bjerknes postulated different causes of climate variability on different time scales.

Lozier (p. 1507) discusses how recent studies have challenged our view of large - scale ocean circulation as a simple conveyor belt, by revealing a more complex and nuanced system that reflects the effects of ocean eddies and surface atmospheric winds on the structure and variability of the ocean's overturning.

However, the researchers also considered another possibility: If forests regenerate as mosaics of suitable trees on the landscape (based on size and density), though individual trees may come under attack by bark beetles, this variability might also protect the forest from broad - scale outbreaks.

However, on a global scale variability is mostly driven by temperature fluctuations, the research showed.

«When we see variability on such a large scale, we should worry that some people are not getting the best, most appropriate treatment.»

By using satellites, biologists are now able to map which areas are most sensitive to climate variability on a global scale.

On this latter scale teleconnections manifest as a response of middle - latitude weather to the dominant modes of variability of the tropics (the Madden - Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intra-seasonal Oscillations, which similar to El Niño and La Niña characterize variations of climate but on shorter time scalesOn this latter scale teleconnections manifest as a response of middle - latitude weather to the dominant modes of variability of the tropics (the Madden - Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intra-seasonal Oscillations, which similar to El Niño and La Niña characterize variations of climate but on shorter time scaleson shorter time scales).

Bamzai, A.S., 2003: Relationship between snow cover variability and Arctic Oscillation Index on a hierarchy of time scales.

The CTD sections show that the deeper layers are also warmer and slightly saltier and the observed sea level can be explained by steric expansion over the upper 2000 m. ENSO variability impacts on the northern part of the section, and a simple Sverdrup transport model shows how large - scale changes in the wind forcing, related to the Southern Annular Mode, may contribute to the deeper warming to the south.

The blue colour on the left - hand side shows the natural variability periods, the yellow = early 20th century, red = late 20th century, and the grey and black denote data from SODA and HadlSST (scaled with NCEP / NCAR SAT) respectively.

Monitoring, understanding, and predicting oceanic variations associated with natural climate variability and human - induced changes, and assessing the related roles of the ocean on multiple spatial - temporal scales.

January 2004: «Directions for Climate Research» Here, ExxonMobil outlines areas where it deemed more research was necessary, such as «natural climate variability, ocean currents and heat transfer, the hydrological cycle, and the ability of climate models to predict changes on a regional and local scale.»

On decadal time scales, annual streamflow variation and precipitation are driven by large - scale patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (see teleconnections description in Climate chapter)(Pederson et al. 2011a; Seager and Hoerling 2014).

SPARC, together with others in the WCRP community, focuses on understanding atmospheric dynamics and climate variability to provide better climate predictions on scales from seasonal all the way to centennial.

The data is on atmospheric absorption during occultations, indicating short time scale variability.

Jiacan has worked on several projects on climate dynamics, including the response of large - scale circulations in the warming climate, its effects on regional weather patterns and extreme events, tropical influence on mid-latitude weather, and dynamical mechanisms of sub-seasonal variability of mid-latitude jet streams.

The upper tail is particularly long in studies using diagnostics based on large - scale mean data because separation of the greenhouse gas response from that to aerosols or climate variability is more difficult with such diagnostics (Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001; Gregory et al., 2002a; Knutti et al., 2002, 2003).

The SAM contributes a significant proportion of SH mid-latitude circulation variability on many time scales (Hartmann and Lo, 1998; Kidson, 1999; Thompson and Wallace, 2000; Baldwin, 2001).

At this time the E-W sea surface temperature gradients in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans increased [29], [31] intensifying the E-W moisture transport in the tropics, which greatly increased rainfall variability both on a precession and an ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) time - scales.

Observed changes in ocean heat content have now been shown to be inconsistent with simulated natural climate variability, but consistent with a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences both on a global scale, and in individual ocean basins.

However, we must (1) compare the solar forcing with the net of other forcings, which enhances the importance of solar change, because the net forcing is smaller than the GHG forcing, and (2) consider forcing changes on longer time scales, which greatly diminishes the importance of solar change, because solar variability is mainly oscillatory.

For breeds without a small or decreasing population size, it would be beneficial for Kennel Clubs worldwide to impose limitations on the number of offspring per stud, thus reducing the popular sire effect and promoting increased genetic variability on a population - wide scale.

The interactions between the subsystems thus give rise to climate variability on all time scales.»

It is, however, the variability on large scales influenced by interactions of the atmosphere with other components of the climate system that is predictable.

Another interesting question concerning a new Maunder Minimum would be the impacts on decadal - scale prediction, where both internal variability and changes in TSI are competitive with changing greenhouse gases.

This example highlights the much greater natural variability on small scales which makes detection of the small systematic signal, such as that might arise from enhanced greenhouse effect, much more difficult to achieve on regional scales.

What I notice is that consistent corrections to the model, and attention to the behavior of the individual ensemble members brings model projections and the long extrapolation into agreement (# 44) while short extrapolations probably should not be attacked based on possible low frequency variability owing to a scale mismatch.

Reliable data on decadal variability of the Earth's radiation budget are hard to come by, but to provide some reality check I based my setting of the scaling factor between radiative forcing and the SOI / PDOI index on the tropical data of Wielecki et al 2002 (as corrected in response to Trenberth's criticism here.)

The short - term variability of my account balance also has completely different reasons (e.g. purchase of a new stereo or a tax rebate) than the longer - term evolution (ruled by small but persistent changes in regular items like salary, housing cost...) so when you're looking for a linkage, you must first assess on what time scale you need to be looking.

For variability on a long time scale, the effect is generally constant over a short time period (such as Milankovitch cycles).

For instance, an influential analysis by Hawking & Sutton (2009)(link to figures) has suggested that internal climate variability account for only about 20 % of the variance over the British isles on a 50 - year time scale.

They have not analyzed the first year of data yet, but in my lab we have looked at results from a similar set of moorings at 15N (Uwe Send's work) and find rather significant variability on weekly to monthly time scales (but no trend over the 4 years of data).

Patterns of variability that don't match the predicted fingerprints from the examined drivers (the «residuals») can be large — especially on short - time scales, and look in most cases like the modes of internal variability that we've been used to; ENSO / PDO, the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillation etc..

Most of the surface temperature variability is on the diurnal (day - night) time scale.

One can see a number of basic flaws here; the complete lack of appreciation of the importance of natural variability on short time scales, the common but erroneous belief that any attribution of past climate change to solar or other forcing means that CO2 has no radiative effect, and a hopeless lack of familiarity of the basic science of detection and attribution.

Even if it were real physical variability, at that short time scale I would not expect it to be linked to global temperature in the way that I expect this link on longer time scales.

She goes so far as to say (in her post responding to Gavin's post, but responding to something else) «I do regard the emerging realization of the importance of natural variability to be an existential threat to the mainstream theory of climate variations on decadal to century time scales.»

Figure 1.4 http://cybele.bu.edu/courses/gg312fall02/chap01/figures/figure1.4.gif shows the natural variability of the annual mean surface temperature on several different spatial scales from a climate model simulation for 200 years.

It is these uppermost few percent of events that are important, and models and theory are nearly unanimous now that they are and will continue to increase, notwithstanding natural climate variability on shorter time scales (as much as 20 years).»

AR5 section 9.5.3 concludes «Nevertheless, the lines of evidence above suggest with high confidence that models reproduce global and NH temperature variability on a wide range of time scales.»

The study demonstrates the importance of understanding how climate variability on a regional scale may at least temporarily obscure larger forces acting on the global climate system.

We explicitly agree (final paragraph of main article) that the climate has historically shown significant variability on all time scales.

Nature (with hopefully some constructive input from humans) will decide the global warming question based upon climate sensitivity, net radiative forcing, and oceanic storage of heat, not on the type of multi-decadal time scale variability we are discussing here.

That means that the potential for natural variability to be more dominant on shorter time scales is high — and indeed, Connolley and Bracegirdle show a lot of variance in the model output on those time scales.