Sentences with phrase «scale variability such»

We use ensemble modeling all the time, and we use many runs that take the initial state of the atmosphere and perturbate it to various small degrees to either side such that when taken togther, the envelope is assumed to account for all such inconsistencies, abnormalities, non-adjustments, and small - scale variability such that the result can be presumed to be a solid representation of what's going on.

Not exact matches

«Ironically, the project MASTER, initially intended for observing fast happening phenomena, such as for example the consequences of the Gamma - ray bursts and star flashes, discovered an unprecedented variability of a totally different scale,» comments Denis Denisenko.

«When we see variability on such a large scale, we should worry that some people are not getting the best, most appropriate treatment.»

The other problem is that the scale of the difference is masked more readily by variability, events such as Krakatoa, and the needs of statistics to hit significance levels... TBH I haven't done the math, but we shouldn't be surprised if we now achieve in a year, in emissions terms, what would have taken most of the nineteenth century to manage.

January 2004: «Directions for Climate Research» Here, ExxonMobil outlines areas where it deemed more research was necessary, such as «natural climate variability, ocean currents and heat transfer, the hydrological cycle, and the ability of climate models to predict changes on a regional and local scale.»

On decadal time scales, annual streamflow variation and precipitation are driven by large - scale patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (see teleconnections description in Climate chapter)(Pederson et al. 2011a; Seager and Hoerling 2014).

Spectral analyses suggested that the reconstructed annual mean temperature variation may be related to large - scale atmospheric — oceanic variability such as the solar activity, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño — Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

The upper tail is particularly long in studies using diagnostics based on large - scale mean data because separation of the greenhouse gas response from that to aerosols or climate variability is more difficult with such diagnostics (Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001; Gregory et al., 2002a; Knutti et al., 2002, 2003).

This example highlights the much greater natural variability on small scales which makes detection of the small systematic signal, such as that might arise from enhanced greenhouse effect, much more difficult to achieve on regional scales.

For variability on a long time scale, the effect is generally constant over a short time period (such as Milankovitch cycles).

The attribution of the term at regional scales is complicated by significant regional variations in temperature changes due to the the influence of modes of climate variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Nino / Southern Oscillation.

Either there's a large decadal - scale internal variability driving it, such as a large pseudo-cyclical increase in deepwater formation, or the Arctic Ocean is near marginal stability under perturbation.

I did a simple calculation on a time scale of several centuries, and only the Sun has such long range variability.

To reduce the variability and bias introduced into the QME AERI / LBLRTM radiance residuals, the moisture profiles from each radiosonde are scaled such that its total precipitable water vapor matches that retrieved from the microwave radiometer (MWR), and these scaled profiles are used to drive the model.

Although such approaches provide important spatial coverage of long - term trends, their accuracy will be difficult to assess unless seasonal and interannual time scales of pH variability can be adequately resolved.»

Therefore, the processes of accumulation and ablation are the physical link between glaciers and climate, which explains why these ice bodies are such valuable tracers of climate variability on the scale of decades and centuries.

«Naturally occurring climate variability due to phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña impact on temperatures and precipitation on a seasonal to annual scale.

Evidence suggests that the circulation in this region is highly variable on interannual time scales, and that this variability might correlate with large - scale climate signals such as the Arctic Oscillation.

Ecophysiological process - Individual organisms respond to environmental variability, such as climate change, through ecophysiological processes which operate continuously, generally at a microscopic or sub-organ scale.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

Yes and the real point about the inaccuracy of the GCMs is that natural + unconsidered variability in the outcome is so great and of such long time scale as to overstep the human time frame.

«Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, the occurrence of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events.

Exactly, but using good numbers not a «hotchpotch assembly» for which it is claimed to be global temperature (there is no such thing, there is global energy content, but that is totally different story) So calculate correlation CET - GT from 1880 using 5 year bin averaging http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net//CETGNH.htm P.S. your statement on natural variability on decadal scale is grossly misleading, you got about 130 years of good records so you need to look at multi-decadal picture.

We calculated three metrics of thermal history: (1) the mean of the annual maximum DHW from 1985 — 2003 (2) the proportion of years from 1985 to 2003 in which the maximum DHW exceeded 4 °C · week, and (3) a year - to - year temperature variability metric from [16], [46], which is the standard deviation of the maximum monthly SST from 1985 — 2000 scaled such that the mean for the world's coral reefs is 1 °C.

The temperature variability metric at each site was calculated as the standard deviation of the maximum monthly SST from 1985 — 2003, scaled such that the mean for the world's coral reefs is 1 °C [16].

In contrast, some global warming advocates maintain that analysis of the MWP adds little to the climate debate, since the climate variability of the interval can be explained by changes in large - scale climate patterns, such as El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the NAO, rather than by changes brought on by human beings.

Note that for some quantities like variability and extremes, such scaling is unlikely to work.

It is well known that the Sun plays the fundamental role as our energy source... To date, the only proxy providing information about the solar variability on millennial time scales are cosmogenic radionuclides stored in natural archives such as ice cores.

The time series of large - scale tropical climate variability — such as the MJO and ENSO — exhibit more quasi-periodic behavior (e.g., Rasmusson and Carpenter, 1982; Zhang, 2005).

Natural factors such as the Sun (84 papers), multi-decadal oceanic - atmospheric oscillations such as the NAO, AMO / PDO, ENSO (31 papers), decadal - scale cloud cover variations, and internal variability in general have exerted a significant influence on weather and climate changes during both the past and present.

Using atmospheric general - circulation models, as well as coupled ocean - atmosphere models, he investigates the interactions between large - scale climate systems such as ocean and wind currents to understand natural variability and how climate responds to human - made forcings.

Economical, large - scale energy storage would also even out variability in certain other alternative energy sources such as wind power (for which tractor - trailer - size sodium sulfur batteries are currently being tested).

My favorite quote from that paper is: «Because ENSO is the dominant mode of climate variability at interannual time scales, the lack of consistency in the model predictions of the response of ENSO to global warming currently limits our confidence in using these predictions to address adaptive societal concerns, such as regional impacts or extremes (Joseph and Nigam 2006; Power et al. 2006).»

My studies range from detailed aerosol processes such as the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), to centennial time scale climate variability related to natural variability and external forcings.

Never mind the fact that those same models were unable to reproduce large scale natural climate variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and ENSO.

Because of the limited variability of these 2 items, a scale of mother - child activities was created summing the 6 items that loaded onto the second factor, corresponding to activities such as reading, singing songs, telling stories, playing with toys, or playing imaginary games.