The researchers analyzed 199 suspected snow leopard scat samples collected from two study sites in Tajikistan during the summer of 2012 and 56
scats collected from two study sites in Kyrgyzstan between June and December of 2005.
The U of A team then measured stable isotopes and analyzed 230 grizzly bear
scats collected over three years, some of which could be attributed to GPS - collared bears.
In field tests, the researchers found that 64 % of the weta
scat collected had seeds or seed fragments.
Not exact matches
Currently, researchers at the Museum Zoology, UM are comparing the successful mammal detection from guts of blowflies
collected in forest with mammals detected in cage traps, mist nets, camera traps, hair traps and
scat samples.
These specimens,
collected from the field or borrowed from museums, included bits of hair, bone, skin and
scat.
The analysis, published in the journal PLOS ONE, is based on nearly 450 jaguar
scat samples
collected in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.
To get a better idea of the genetic health and connectivity of jaguar populations in this area and the effectiveness of the existing wildlife corridors (i.e., stretches of habitat that facilitate movement between local populations), the researchers turned to DNA obtained from field -
collected jaguar
scat.
Take a black Lab mix, for example, that helps marine biologists
collect orca
scat in Puget Sound by sniffing it out up to a nautical mile away.
They analyzed the DNA profiles from hair,
scat, and tissue samples
collected in Bulgaria and found seven individuals — from three different mountainous regions — that had genetic patterns unlike the rest.
Wasser's group then searched for a match between the ivory and elephant populations in Africa, using a database based on
scat and tissue samples
collected across the continent.
«We've got this concept of what snow leopard
scat looks like and where it can be found, so we think we can go out and
collect it.
The snow leopard samples were most often confused with red fox
scat, which comprised 39.6 percent of
collected samples.
Weiskopf explained that a big problem with
collecting and identifying
scat in the field is that researchers mostly rely on morphological characteristics such as shape, size or associated signs of snow leopards, and since
scat from different species can look similar, this can lead to misrepresented population estimates and errors in reporting what the snow leopards are actually eating.
Overall, only 36.1 percent of
collected scats thought to be from snow leopards were confirmed as snow leopard.
Collecting the
scat, recording locations and correlating the DNA can provide information on an individual fox's movements in a way that is noninvasive to the individual animal.
The predominance of local vegetation in
collected scat suggests little movement among habitat types between feeding sessions, indicating that the polar bears are keeping energy expenditure down.
For example, citizen scientists from local Sherpa communities set up camera traps,
collect scat for DNA analysis, and help put radio collars on the the cats.