The ESEA Flexibility initiative has encouraged states to shift away from high
school accountability systems based solely on standardized testing to ones that incorporate a wider range of college and career readiness indicators.
In exchange for the waivers, states had to develop their own
school accountability systems based on college - and career - ready expectations and also develop teacher and principal evaluation systems, among other things.
Several of the most significant features of recent education policy debate in the United States are simply not found in any of these countries — for example, charter schools, pathways into teaching that allow candidates with only several weeks of training to assume full responsibility for a classroom, teacher evaluation systems based on student test scores, and
school accountability systems based on the premise that schools with low average test scores are failures, irrespective of the compositions of their student populations.
Not exact matches
«The NASUWT remains clear that a fit for purpose
accountability system should consider the performance of
schools in the round and not solely on the
basis of narrowly focused test and examination results.»
If we want charter
schools to earn a broad
base of popularity, we need to build stronger authorizing
systems that enable
school leaders to drive innovation while setting clear expectations about outcomes and
accountability.
It notes that states must include all
schools in
accountability systems and may need to use alternate methodologies to include some
schools based on their specific contexts, if they remain uncovered after they have combined data across grades and years.
In the debate over the future of the No Child Left Behind Act, policymakers, educators, and researchers seem to agree on one thing: The federal law's
accountability system should be rewritten so it rewards or sanctions
schools on the
basis of students» academic growth.
Thus, while Koretz has reason to be concerned about the perils of test -
based accountability, evidence from DCPS suggests that it can work — when «it» is a nuanced
system that uses more than tests alone to evaluate
schools and teachers (more on this below).
The Sunshine State had instituted
school voucher programs, increased the number of charter
schools, and devised a sophisticated
accountability system that evaluates
schools on the
basis of their progress as measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
Consistent with the Obama Administration's interpretation of ESSA, our proposed
accountability system assigns
school ratings
based on a range of indicators, which we describe below.
As part of its
accountability system, Colorado publishes
school report cards and assigns state -
based ratings to
schools.
Almost thirty years before I started writing this book, I predicted that test -
based accountability — then in its early stages, and still far milder than the
system burdening
schools today — wouldn't succeed.
He adds that «[a] lmost thirty years before I started writing this book, I predicted that test -
based accountability — then in its early stages, and still far milder than the
system burdening
schools today — wouldn't succeed....
Further, it is unlikely that district authorizers will move beyond the regulatory - driven, compliance -
based accountability systems that are the hallmark of public education or the troubling hit - and - miss formation of new
schools that is raising questions about the ability of charter
schools to deliver improvement on the scale that our country needs.
Because of this, the contract -
based accountability system could put a premium on providing practical information that would help families assess, differentiate, and choose
schools.
Education officials are already experimenting with new
systems, and hopefully by the time Congress decides to move forward with a reauthorized ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act), there will be strong competency -
based accountability systems to incorporate, particularly at the high
school level.
It would require state
accountability systems to designate
schools and districts
based on their performance against these targets (so there would be a bit more flexibility than NCLB or waivers).
How very refreshing, even exhilarating, the inclusion of superintendents and boards in a results -
based accountability system, rather than the customary focus only on
schools and their principals and teachers (and sometimes the kids themselves).
That is, even when we measure the extent to which
schools contribute to student test - score growth — something that test -
based accountability systems rarely do — we can not consistently predict which programs or
schools will help students be more successful later.
To focus
schools on achievement requires shifting from a process -
based accountability system to one driven by results.
Based on a year - long research project, the report states that many teachers and pupils feel that statutory assessments «do not adequately capture pupils» achievements», partly because the
accountability system «incentivises
schools to pick certain qualifications».
In
school systems where parents are engaged and feel comfortable going toe - to - toe with
school administrators, this rights -
based accountability system is effective in guaranteeing access to a range of interventions for disabled children.
But the report,
based on a survey of states, indicates that states have been slower to embrace assessments, high
school graduation requirements, and, most especially, «comprehensive»
accountability systems to match the standards.
Many educators were proud of this, but it had some of the same problems as the first year, primarily an inability to be «transparent» to the standardized test —
based accountability system in use by the
school district.
Colorado requires that 95 percent of students be in a high - risk group before a
school can be labeled an AEC and the D.C. Public Charter School Board is considering a proposal based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow schools to bypass conventional accountability systems if their missions focus on serving alternative student popula
school can be labeled an AEC and the D.C. Public Charter
School Board is considering a proposal based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow schools to bypass conventional accountability systems if their missions focus on serving alternative student popula
School Board is considering a proposal
based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow
schools to bypass conventional
accountability systems if their missions focus on serving alternative student populations.
As I recently heard Susan Patrick, head of iNACOL, explain, competency -
based assessment has huge implications for
accountability 3.0: in competency -
based systems we will hopefully have more and deeper evidence of student learning by which we can in turn assess
school and providers efficacy and hold them accountable for their students» track record.
In requiring states to identify certain categories of
schools for «comprehensive» and «targeted» support
based on their
accountability systems, ESSA depends upon some sort of summative rating
system (which could be A-F grades, a star or numeric
system, some sort of color - coding, etc.).
The
accountability for
schools under such a varied
system of education providers and services would probably need to be market -
based.
This, too, is a behaviorist, top - down, results -
based,
accountability - driven
system, but this version bears down primarily on the kids rather than on their
schools.
, the Hoosier State has an «annual performance -
accountability rating
system» for participating private
schools that is
based on the results of state assessments — the same tests that public
school pupils take.
ESSA requires states to «establish a
system of meaningfully differentiating, on an annual
basis, all public
schools in the State, which shall be
based on all indicators in the State's
accountability system... for all students and for each subgroup of students.»
This is very different from the MCT -
based accountability systems of the 1970s, under which students were held accountable, for example, for passing a high
school exit exam if they were to receive a regular high
school diploma.
• Deming examines Texas's test -
based accountability system and show that for students at low - performing
schools, it led to increased achievement, college attendance, degree attainment, and income earning.
There seems to be no consensus about whether the across - the - board increases in U.S. graduation rates reported by the federal government last week are the result of No Child Left Behind - era
accountability mechanisms or the data -
based decisionmaking stressed under the Obama administration, more early - warning
systems to identify potential dropouts, or fewer high
school exit exams.
In 2008, the NEA unveiled the «Great Public
Schools for Every Student by 2020» project, in which the union committed to «creating models for state -
based educational improvement,» «developing a new framework for
accountability systems that support authentic student learning,» and «fostering a constructive relationship with U.S. Department of Education leadership.»
Tellingly, I did not observe similar improvements among low - performing
schools under the state's old
accountability system, which rated
schools based on their performance but did not impose the threat of vouchers.
David Deming, associate professor of education and economics at the Harvard Graduate
School of Education, discusses his new study on the effects of a test -
based accountability system in Texas.
The state of Massachusetts labels it a «Level 2»
school in its five - tier test score -
based accountability system.
Her work centers around five essential
school priorities: • Supporting
school leadership • Using data transparently for
accountability • Coordinating a multitier
system of support • Providing embedded professional development
based on best practices • Engaging parents and families This free one - hour webinar is sponsored by Learning Ally, a national nonprofit providing resources, training, and technology for teachers and
schools; and 80,000 human - voiced audiobooks for students with learning & visual disabilities.
The figure also shows how
schools serving low - income students are punished by
accountability systems based on average test scores.
Surely there are risks associated with drawing private
schools into public
accountability systems, but empirical evidence shows that downsides can be mitigated if policymakers are smart about how they design results -
based accountability in choice programs of this kind.
Schools seldom have coherent content standards,
accountability systems based on assessments of student academic growth, or an ethic of making publicly available the performance data that do exist.
Chronic absence is feasible for inclusion in California's
accountability measurement
system using the state's approach for rating
school achievement
based on outcome and improvement, or alternatively through an approach that simply looks at performance in a given
school year.
Base any
accountability system designed to measure
school and / or state performance on multiple measures of student growth and learning.
The problem stems from parents» concern that their own children might be denied promotion or graduation
based on a test score; from voters» confusion when their own upscale suburban
schools are deemed to be failing by state or federal
accountability systems even though most of the graduates do just fine; and from frustration when parents — often prompted by teachers — conclude that the basic - skills testing regime yields too much «drill and kill,» too little flexibility, and insufficient attention to art, music, and other creative disciplines.
Almost every state is now instituting
accountability systems to measure progress in standards -
based reform, and almost every such
system depends heavily on testing as an indicator of student or
school performance.
This faith -
based charter compromise could lead to a renewed urban
school system — one
based on equitable funding, more diverse options, parental choice, and comprehensive transparency and
accountability.
Establishes a
system of meaningfully differentiating all public
schools on an annual
basis that is
based on all indicators in the State's
accountability system and that, with respect to achievement, growth or the other academic indicator for elementary and middle
schools, graduation rate, and progress in achieving English language proficiency, affords: Substantial weight to each such indicator; and, in the aggregate, much greater weight than is afforded to the indicator or indicators of
school quality or student success.
State
accountability systems must «differentiate»
school districts and
schools on the
basis of academic achievement and student growth.
Newer programs have developed
accountability systems similar to those for traditional public
schools: the state department of education oversees the choice program and participating private
schools take state tests, receive letter grades from the state
systems, and are subject to consequences
based on those grades.