The moderating effects of organizational characteristics are to be expected, since district size and
school size almost always «make a difference,» no matter what the focus of the research is.180 Elementary
schools are typically more sensitive
than secondary
schools to leadership influence, although
previous leader - efficacy research has reported mostly non-significant effects.181 And the rapid turnover of principals has been widely decried as anathema to
school improvement
efforts.182 Now we have some evidence that the positive effects of leader efficacy are also moderated by
school and district size (the larger the organization, the less sense of efficacy among principals).
Wielding phones, social media and community, students and the wider #NeverAgain
effort have kept a national conversation going in the news cycle longer
than previous efforts in the wake of a
school shooting.