Just because
scientists know the gene responsible for a rare disease doesn't mean they know what's going on.
Not exact matches
Yet for decades,
scientists have
known surprisingly little about what
genes are linked with the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
The advance is based on a technique that allows
scientists to narrow in on a specific
gene and cut - and - paste bits of DNA to change its function,
known as CRISPR - Cas9.
The tool is
known as CRISPR - Cas9, and it could eventually allow
scientists to home in on a particular, potentially faulty
gene and swap it out with another, potentially healthy one.
Dawkins was also well
known by the public as a great
scientist, though his true talent was in communicating scientific ideas in books such as The Selfish
Gene (Oxford University Press) rather than in his actual research.
Before this groundbreaking discovery
scientists knew that DNA carried
genes which parents passed onto their offspring but didn't
know how it worked or what DNA looked like.
However, the impact of the two methylation - regulating enzymes was still seen at 10 to 15 months, when
scientists found decreased expression of hundreds of
genes — many of which are key tumor suppressor
genes such as BMP3, SFRP2 and GATA4 — in the smoke - exposed cells and a five - or - more-fold increase in the signaling of the KRAS oncogene that is
known to be mutated in smoking - related lung cancers.
Since many
genes are altered in autism, the UB
scientists knew a histone modifier might be effective.
Scientists believe that is what happened during a 1999 French
gene therapy trial on a group of 10 young children with X-SCID, an immune deficiency disorder
known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
Knowing what the master
genes are could give
scientists targets for new pharmaceuticals to treat brain diseases.
They started with pairs of fat yellow mice
known to
scientists as agouti mice, so called because they carry a particular
gene — the agouti
gene — that in addition to making the rodents ravenous and yellow renders them prone to cancer and diabetes.
In the 1990s
scientists such as himself, he explains, were too caught up in the promise of
gene therapy to realize that they did not
know enough about it to warrant human testing.
Scientists would like to
know the root causes of evil behavior: Is it a product of our
genes or environment?
Although piRNAs have been
known about for many years,
scientists have until now had very little understanding of exactly how the piRNAs that guide PIWI proteins to jumping
genes in the nucleus are produced.
Scientists have
known for 20 years that SMN is necessary in every cell of the body, since disrupting the
gene in a mouse causes early embryonic death, before muscle or nerve cells form.
Deafness has long been
known to run in families, and while
genes for about 60 syndromes that have deafness as one of multiple symptoms have been mapped, only last month did
scientists locate the first of the estimated 100
genes that can cause hearing loss alone.
While the researchers don't
know precisely how the
gene influences beak size, the work may help
scientists better understand the genetic underpinnings of evolution, she says.
Somehow,
scientists know, the
genes that control development — generally turned off in adult cells — get turned back on again by the oocyte, enabling the cell to take on the youthful potential of a newly fertilized egg.
And determining treatment strategies will be
no less complex: Last summer, for example, a team of
scientists linked 124 different
genes to resistance to four leukemia drugs.
Other
scientists are probing the FOXP2
gene further by studying the protein it produces,
known as FOXP2.
Next, together with
scientists from the Transfaculty Research Platform, they investigated whether any
known schizophrenia risk
genes are associated with the hippocampus.
Scientists think that this
gene silencing process,
known as RNA interference (RNAi), might help the worms adapt to changing conditions.
Scientists knew Apc was involved in stifling tumor formation because most colon cancers find a way to turn the
gene off.
The
scientists found that mice with a mutant
gene known to impair mouth movements necessary for speech in humans aren't coordinated enough to run on a track.
Scientists want to
know if the virus could interact with other factors, such as mutated
genes, to trigger the disease.
Scientists also
know dozens of
gene variants that increase people's risk of lupus.
Using a
gene from fruit flies,
scientists have produced the most resilient and stretchy rubber
known.
Like Wray, the
scientists estimated the
genes» rate of evolution by comparing their DNA sequences in two different species, a technique calibrated to the date when the two species are
known to have diverged.
Domestic animals from cows to dogs have undergone similar transformations, yet
scientists know relatively little about the
genes involved.
On closer inspection, the
scientists discovered that the three
genes involved in producing miR135 are located in areas of the genome that are
known to be associated with risk factors for bipolar mood disorders.
The BRAF
gene and the protein it makes are involved in the body's pain response, but
scientists didn't
know whether the
gene also played a role in itch.
Scientists already
know how to use a weakened strain of a respiratory virus called adenovirus to transport healthy
genes to cells.
The genome - editing technique
known as CRISPR allows
scientists to clip a specific DNA sequence and replace it with a new one, offering the potential to cure diseases caused by defective
genes.
Scientists believe that's what happened during a 1999 French
gene therapy trial on a group of 10 infants with X-SCID, an immune deficiency disorder
known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
Scientists knew a third
gene was involved in species» incompatibility, but researchers had technical difficulties identifying it.
For decades,
scientists have
known that people with two copies of a
gene called apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) are much more likely to have Alzheimer's disease at age 65 than the rest of the population.
Among the 70
genes that the team's research revealed are markedly different in the giraffe, the
scientists identified
genes that are
known to regulate both of these functions.
Scientists have
known for years that the pattern of
genes is different in exhausted T cells than in functional T cells that are fully engaged in fighting disease, but the actual extent of these differences has been uncertain.
The
scientists also identified four homeobox
genes — the kind involved in the development of body structures — which are
known to specify the regions of the spine and legs.
An international team of roughly 300
scientists known as the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Network pooled brain scans and genetic data worldwide to pinpoint
genes that enhance or break down key brain regions in people from 33 countries.
Scientists already
know that the possession of certain immune system
genes makes people more likely to develop MS, and it could be that these
genes make people prone to autoimmune reactions when faced with microbial molecular mimicry.
The team of medics and
scientists at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research at Newcastle University, together with international collaborators, have identified mutations in a
gene,
known as TMEM126B, involved in energy production in patient's muscles.
Scientists have
known for a while that phages are able to transduce
genes but this was considered a rare event for
genes encoding resistance to antibiotics.
In a study led by Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research member Dr. Julian Martinez - Agosto, UCLA
scientists have shown that two
genes not previously
known to be involved with the immune system play a crucial role in how progenitor stem cells are activated to fight infection.
At the time,
scientists studying Icelandic horses
known for a special gait discovered that they, as well as American Standardbred horses used in harness racing, share a somewhat shortened version of a
gene called DMRT3.
Because
scientists know Neandertals and modern humans mated with each other, «is it possible that the «modern» DNA these late Neandertal groups picked up included
genes for enhanced cognitive abilities?»
Scientists have
known for years that the genome is riddled with sequences that control
gene activity and is not just made up of
genes.
In search of an explanation, the
scientists combed through the African elephant genome and found at least 40 copies of
genes that code for p53, a protein well
known for its cancer - inhibiting properties.
Indiana University
scientists have discovered the first
known instance of a plant or animal lacking several key
genes involved in energy production in cells.
The news has thrilled both patients and
scientists, who have been working for decades on the technology to mute misbehaving
genes,
known as RNA interference, or RNAi.