While these schools succeed in generating test -
score gains for students of all cognitive abilities, it is still the case that students with strong fluid cognitive skills learn more.
Not exact matches
A high IELTS
score is a must to
gain entry into any educational institution in the UK
for the international
students.
They scale the
gain in black
students»
scores by the standard deviation of test
scores computed
for a select sample of
students, and observe that the
gain in their
scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third of the test -
score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»
The largest
gains for the test — the Kentucky Instructional Results System, or KIRIS — came in reading and mathematics, with fewer
students scoring at the «novice,» or lowest, level and more
students scoring at the «proficient» and «distinguished» levels.
If the same approach is applied to the STAR sample to adjust
for the fact that some
students did not enroll in the class they were assigned to - and a comparable sample of low - income black
students is used - the
gains in test
scores after two years of attending a small class (average of 16
students) as opposed to a regular - size class (average of 23
students) is 9.1 national percentile ranks in reading and 9.8 ranks in math.
When comparable samples and measuring sticks are used, the improvement in test
scores for black
students from attending a small class based on the Tennessee STAR experiment is about 50 percent larger than the
gain from switching to a private school based on the voucher experiments in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Dayton, Ohio.
After controlling
for average class size, per - pupil spending in 1998 - 99, the percentage of
students with disabilities, the percentage of
students receiving a free or reduced - price school lunch, the percentage of
students with limited English proficiency, and
student mobility rates, high -
scoring F schools achieved
gains that were 2.5 points greater than their below - average D counterparts in reading (see Figure 2).
Even if we ignore the fact that most portfolio managers, regulators, and other policy makers rely on the level of test
scores (rather than
gains) to gauge quality, math and reading achievement results are not particularly reliable indicators of whether teachers, schools, and programs are improving later - life outcomes
for students.
Another idea
for entrepreneurs: build a web site where
students or their parents can enter their test
scores themselves, and provide a prediction
for the types of colleges where they are likely to
gain acceptance.
But
gains in precision obtained by increasing the number of
students observed will be offset by losses associated with failing to control
for baseline test
scores.
We measure FCAT performance using developmental - scale
scores, which allow us to compare the test -
score gains of all the
students in our study, even though they took tests designed
for different grade levels.
Specifically, I separated out the effects on test -
score gains of a
student's race and ethnicity, as well as accounted
for the influence of a
student's peers, by evaluating the influence of demographic characteristics of the
student body, including average income level and percentage of minority
students.
Since the passing percentage does not reveal what happened to all
students, the graph reports average
scores for the two years, a more conservative presentation of the
gains than one based on passing rates.
During this same period, high - performing urban charters grew rapidly and produced exceptional
gains in test
scores and college enrollment rates
for black and Latino
students.
For example, during the Rhee years, 4th - grade
students, in both reading and math,
gained an average of 3 points each year relative to the
scores earned by
students nationwide, a
gain twice that of Rhee's predecessors.
The authors did find that test
score gains for lower -
scoring students in lower - performing schools resulted in higher earnings
for those
students.
At the 4th - grade level, D.C.
students in math and reading
gained 6 scale
score points between 2007 and 2009, while the average
gain in the other 10 cities
for which comparable data are available was only 1 point and 2.2 points, respectively.
This allows
for the use of statistical models to estimate the total contribution — that attributable to both observable and unobserved teacher attributes — of teachers toward
student test -
score gains (often referred to as «value added»).
Thirty - seven percent of the
students for whom we observe test -
score gains at least once in both sectors attended a traditional public school after they were in a charter school, while the same is true of only 30 percent of all
students in charter schools.
Second, exploiting a natural experiment, I show that a fail inspection rating leads to test -
score gains for primary school
students that remain evident even after the
students move into secondary schools.
The
gains for students with prior
scores in the top quarter are the smallest, at 0.05 and 0.03 standard deviations in mathematics and English, respectively.
In the end, our analysis of charter school effectiveness is based on the experiences of only those
students for whom we observe annual
gains (whether positive or negative) in test
scores at least once in a charter school and at least once in a traditional public school.
The use of
gain scores also minimizes the incentives
for classifying a nondisabled
student as disabled, since such
scores measure individual progress instead of lowering the achievement bar.
A handful of school districts and states — including Dallas, Houston, Denver, New York, and Washington, D.C. — have begun using
student achievement
gains as indicated by annual test
scores (adjusted
for prior achievement and other
student characteristics) as a direct measure of individual teacher performance.
This statistical methodology introduced a new paradigm
for predicting
student academic progress and comparing the prediction to the contribution of individual teachers (or value added) as measured by
student gain scores.
A study by researchers at the National Center on Performance Incentives at Vanderbilt finds that teachers who were offered rewards of up to $ 15,000 if their
students met goals
for test -
score gains did not outperform teachers who were not offered the bonuses.
In addition, much of this new spending went toward compensatory programs
for minority and disadvantaged
students,
for whom there have been substantial
score gains over time.
Under the new rules, private schools with 30 or more FTC scholarship
students must release to the public
gain scores on standardized tests
for those
students.
Despite the vast majority of randomized control trials (RCTs) of private school choice showing significant, positive test
score effects
for at least some subgroups of
students, some of those
gains have been modest and other effects have been null
for at least some subgroups.
It's true that
students from those schools who did enroll in post-secondary schooling were more likely to go to a 4 than 2 year college, but it is unclear if this is a desirable outcome given that it may be a mismatch
for their needs and this more nuanced effect is not commensurate with the giant test
score gains.
The study found that test
scores for KIPP
students have continued to increase, but that
gains have not been as rapid as they were in the period before the massive expansion.
Those
students are
scoring, on average, 10 percent of a standard deviation better than they would have otherwise, and since each peer evaluator evaluates 10 to 15 teachers each year, those
gains are occurring in multiple teachers» classrooms
for a number of years.
Second, Rick thinks there is an inconsistency in my suspicion that test - prep and manipulation are largely responsible
for test
score improvements by Milwaukee choice schools after they were required to take high - stakes tests, while I interpret research from Florida as showing schools made exceptional test
score gains when faced with the prospect of having vouchers offered to their
students if
scores did not improve.
The NEA analysis of the proposed legislation claimed it favored «1) establishing a teacher evaluation system using
gains in
student test
scores; 2) allowing «community stakeholders» to have a role in designing teacher evaluation systems; and 3) providing merit pay
for teachers based upon
gains in
student test
scores.»
Provided the movement of teachers in and out of a grade has not changed the makeup of
students enrolled in that grade, this finding supports the conclusion that measured value - added of teachers is an unbiased predictor of future test -
score gains, as there appears to be no other explanation
for the resulting improvement in test
scores.
In February 2012, the New York Times took the unusual step of publishing performance ratings
for nearly 18,000 New York City teachers based on their
students» test -
score gains, commonly called value - added (VA) measures.
In our analysis, there are 68,677
students for whom the data allow us to compute at least two
gain scores in math (and a similar number
for the reading estimation).
We nonetheless use such models to estimate informally the impacts on all
students for whom at least one
gain score can be calculated.
These two indicators of cheating — unusually large increases followed by small
gains or even declines in test
scores the next year and unexpected patterns in
students» answers — form the basis of our method
for detecting evidence of suspected cheating.
Gain scores from pretest to posttest indicated that middle school
students retained important information by interacting with the online material
for as little as 30 minutes per adventure; however,
gains for high school
students were less persuasive, perhaps indicating a different learning tool or content is required
for this age audience.
With one
gain score, it is possible to use models that control
for observable background characteristics, but those models can not adjust
for unobserved
student characteristics (such as parental education or
student commitment).
Posttests showed significant learning
gains for both conditions, with the
students in the QA condition
scoring significantly higher than the
students in the traditional condition, and retaining significantly more information at the time of a delayed posttest.
In the state's annual reports on test
score gains, the researcher has repeatedly taken note of the lower average income
for scholarship
students.
However, the achievement
gains for charter elementary schools are challenging to estimate and remain unclear because elementary
students typically have no baseline test
scores at the time they enter kindergarten.
In the work released Wednesday, researchers assess whether these test
score gains are actually putting
students on a path to better lives or simply the result of charter schools» effectiveness in «teaching to the test»
for the MCAS.
But the magnitude of
student test
score gains would count
for about one - fifth of the rating, Saxton said.
But the evidence on test
score gains is massive: CREDO has studied dozens of cities and have found an overall effect of ~.1
for urban areas serving hundreds of thousands of
students.
First, we made a straightforward comparison of the average test -
score gains in classrooms run by TFA and non-TFA teachers, controlling
for a variety of factors known to influence academic achievement, including
students» backgrounds, the
students» previous performance on the TAAS, characteristics of their schools, and characteristics of their classmates.
Hart is correct that California law specifies that
gains must include separate
scores for racial / ethnic and economically disadvantaged
students.
We first subtracted from each
student's test
score performance the child's demonstrated knowledge the previous year.We then adjusted those one - year -
gain scores to take into account a statistical property that artificially generates larger
gains for initially low - performing
students (and smaller
gains for high performers).