Value - added models are statistical models that generally try to isolate the contributions to student test
scores by individual teachers or schools from factors outside the school's or teacher's control.
Not exact matches
The sleeper in this is that schools are now able to measure
individual teacher performance
by NAPLAN
scores.
These functions include the ease with which
teachers and other adults who are regularly around
individual students can directly observe the soft skills they are expected to support, the clear implications for intervention suggested
by low
scores on a particular skill
by a particular student or group of students, the signals sent to administrators about
teachers and groups of students who may need additional help, and the usefulness in communicating with parents.
These new systems depend primarily on two types of measurements: student test
score gains on statewide assessments in math and reading in grades 4 - 8 that can be uniquely associated with
individual teachers; and systematic classroom observations of
teachers by school leaders and central staff.
A handful of school districts and states — including Dallas, Houston, Denver, New York, and Washington, D.C. — have begun using student achievement gains as indicated
by annual test
scores (adjusted for prior achievement and other student characteristics) as a direct measure of
individual teacher performance.
This statistical methodology introduced a new paradigm for predicting student academic progress and comparing the prediction to the contribution of
individual teachers (or value added) as measured
by student gain
scores.
They tried to isolate how much any
individual teacher adds or detracts
by comparing how the students
scored on end - of - year tests to how similar students did with other
teachers, controlling for a host of such things as test
scores in the prior year, gender, suspensions, English language knowledge, and class size.
Obama's emphasis on evaluating
individual teachers by students» test
scores has set off a frenzied effort
by states to rewrite their laws in hopes of snaring some of the federal billions.
Last summer, the Los Angeles Times created a furor with its hotly debated decision to post the value - added
scores for thousands of Los Angeles
teachers and to identify
individual teachers,
by name, as more or less effective.
As explained in a guest blog this year
by by FairTest's Lisa Guisbond, these measures use student standardized test
scores to track the growth of
individual students as they progress through the grades and see how much «value» a
teacher has added.
For instance, in addition to the use of test
scores and SGP, much of the discussion focused on separate achievement measures for each
teacher that will be developed
by individual teachers and their principals.
The EPI assessment allows Phoenix # 1 to maintain those standards in hiring
by creating a composite
score for each
teacher candidate, as well as
individual scores for three of four key success indicators shown to predict
teacher effectiveness in research conducted
by a consortium of experts in the fields of research, education, psychometrics and predictive analytics.
The Times sought three years of district data, from 2009 through 2012, that show whether
individual teachers helped — or hurt — students academic achievement, as measured
by state standardized test
scores.
Other limitations included small data sets (Kruger, 2005) and the inability to disaggregate test
scores that had been compiled at the school level
by individual teacher or students (Isenberg et al., 2009).
Value - added models try to separate the contribution of
individual teachers or schools to students» learning growth measured
by standardized test
scores.
Wilson describes a situation in which the agreement demanded
by rubrics led to
teachers» censoring their
individual perspectives on a piece of writing, resulting in tidy but bland
scoring.
A group of Los Angeles
teachers Wednesday unveiled their own proposal for a new performance review system that would use both state standardized test
scores and assessments chosen
by individual schools to measure how well instructors help their students learn.
Related efforts to evaluate
individual teachers based on student test
scores have sparked a flurry of publicity — and led to a federal lawsuit filed
by a group of Florida
teachers who complained they would be rated on the test
scores of students who weren't even in their classes.
Apparently relying on standardized test
scores that are influenced
by economic and social factors beyond a
teacher's control are deemed the best way to evaluate an
individual teacher....
Value - added goes deeper than grading schools on student test
scores by looking at how
individual teachers and schools as a whole contribute to improvements in the test
scores.
Once we control statistically for the quality of
individual teachers by the use of
teacher fixed effects, we find large returns to experience for middle school
teachers in the form both of higher test
scores and improvements in student behavior, with the clearest behavioral effects emerging for reductions in student absenteeism.