This suggests an alternative criterion by which to judge changes in student performance - namely, that achievement gains
on test
items that measure
particular skills or understandings may be meaningful even if the student's overall test
score does not fully generalize to other exams.
Scores on single - item measures denoted the percentage of audited street segments within a buffer with that particular attribute, while scores on multiple - item measures represented the percentage of the maximum obtainable score averaged across audited street segments within a buffer.23 For example, a buffer consisting of three audited street segments with respective scores on «presence of people» (assessed by four items) of 4 (representing 100 % of the maximum obtainable score), 3 (75 %) and 3 (75 %) was assigned an aggregate score of 83.3 % (ie, the sum of 100 %, 75 % and 75 % divided by three).23 In addition, a diversity score was computed for recreational destinations indicating the number of different types of recreational destinations present in a participant's residential b
Scores on single -
item measures denoted the percentage of audited street segments within a buffer with that
particular attribute, while
scores on multiple - item measures represented the percentage of the maximum obtainable score averaged across audited street segments within a buffer.23 For example, a buffer consisting of three audited street segments with respective scores on «presence of people» (assessed by four items) of 4 (representing 100 % of the maximum obtainable score), 3 (75 %) and 3 (75 %) was assigned an aggregate score of 83.3 % (ie, the sum of 100 %, 75 % and 75 % divided by three).23 In addition, a diversity score was computed for recreational destinations indicating the number of different types of recreational destinations present in a participant's residential b
scores on multiple -
item measures represented the percentage of the maximum obtainable
score averaged across audited street segments within a buffer.23 For example, a buffer consisting of three audited street segments with respective
scores on «presence of people» (assessed by four items) of 4 (representing 100 % of the maximum obtainable score), 3 (75 %) and 3 (75 %) was assigned an aggregate score of 83.3 % (ie, the sum of 100 %, 75 % and 75 % divided by three).23 In addition, a diversity score was computed for recreational destinations indicating the number of different types of recreational destinations present in a participant's residential b
scores on «presence of people» (assessed by four
items) of 4 (representing 100 % of the maximum obtainable
score), 3 (75 %) and 3 (75 %) was assigned an aggregate
score of 83.3 % (ie, the sum of 100 %, 75 % and 75 % divided by three).23 In addition, a diversity
score was computed for recreational destinations indicating the number of different types of recreational destinations present in a participant's residential buffer.