At both grades, black and Hispanic students posted lower average
scores than white students and Asian students.
«We show that minority students have lower achievement
scores than white students with the same cognitive ability, and that placement in a [gifted] class effectively closes this minority underachievement gap,» the authors wrote.
The other good long term news is that Black and Hispanic students, who usually have much lower test
scores than white students, are making greater long - term progress than whites — shrinking the achievement gap between whites and the other two groups.
Not exact matches
In fact, the researchers report that «if similar success could be achieved for all minority
students nationwide, it could close the gap between
white and minority test
scores by at least a third, possibly by more
than half.»
The research also finds that black
students are 54 percent less likely
than white students to be identified as eligible for gifted - education services after adjusting for the
students» previous
scores on standardized tests, demographic factors, and school and teacher characteristics.
For example, Florida State University's 2017 study of the Florida Tax Credit Scholarship Program found that participants were four percentage points less likely to be
white, one percentage point more likely to qualify for free lunch, and had prior math and reading
scores that were two to four percentile points lower
than eligible
students that did not participate in the choice program.
In a demographically diverse district of urban, suburban, and rural areas, the percentages of black
students scoring below state standards were two to four times greater
than for
white students.
In reading, the achievement gap has improved slightly more
than in math (0.3 standard deviations), but after a half century, the average black
student scores at just the 22nd percentile of the
white distribution.
On the other hand, Denver's steady improvement has widened the achievement gap, something that happens in many urban districts that improve, as
white and middle - class
students raise their
scores faster
than poor and minority
students.
If minorities are benefiting, why do black
students score 20 points lower
than white students on those tests?
Both GPA and standardized - test -
score averages are lower for black
students than for
white students.
African - American twelfth - graders are 2.6 times likelier to
score below the proficient level on the NAEP reading exam
than are
white students.
According to the Program for International
Student Assessment (PISA), there are more
than a dozen other nations where, by the time children reach 15, math problem - solving
scores are higher
than for
white students in the United States.
If black
students in the sample continue to lose ground through 9th grade at the rate experienced in the first two years of school, they will lag behind
white students on average by a full standard deviation in raw math and reading
scores and by more
than two - thirds of a standard deviation in math even after controlling for observable characteristics (the gap would be substantially smaller in reading).
• With few exceptions,
students eligible for free and reduced - priced lunch and
students of color in the cities were less likely
than white students to enroll in high -
scoring elementary and middle schools, take advanced math courses, and take a college entrance exam.
While Asian Americans do
score lower
than white students on some measures of psychosocial wellbeing, Americans as a whole
score so abnormally high that, globally speaking, Asian American
scores are «actually quite normal,» says Pittinsky.
Due to Simpson's Paradox, where the size of the group can mask aggregated data, the
scores of
white students, black
students, and Hispanic
students all gained more
than the national average.
Since
white students score higher
than black
students on average, let's say that the average
white score is 100, while the average
score for black
students is 80.
Although all races are rising individually,
scores are rising faster for black and Hispanic
students than they are for
white students or for the overall composite.
Notice in my example that the average
score of black
students lies at the same point in the
white distribution in both the 5th and the 8th grades: around 75 percent of
white students score higher
than the average black
student in both grades.
Disproportionately poor, and sometimes not speaking English at home, Hispanics tend to
score considerably lower
than white students.
For instance, between the early 1970s and 2008, reading
scores for 9 - year - olds rose by 14 points for
white students, 34 points for African American
students, and 25 points for Latino
students — more in every case
than the average gain of 12 points for 9 - year - olds overall.
Despite gains in achievement, African American and Latino
students still
score significantly lower in the aggregate
than white students.
«The [Tulane] authors also report that the [academic] gains were not equal across groups:
white students gained more
than black
students from the reforms,» according to the NEPC, also noting that a large - scale out - migration of higher income
students may have resulted in inflated growth
scores for the charter schools.
When you break the test
scores down by ethnicity and weight them by their percentage of the
student population, it's interesting to see how both
white and Hispanic test gains contributed more to the average
score than black gains.
White, African American, and Latino students all scored higher on those NAEP tests than did students from the same racial and ethnic groups in the 1970s, but African American and Latino students made greater gains than white stud
White, African American, and Latino
students all
scored higher on those NAEP tests
than did
students from the same racial and ethnic groups in the 1970s, but African American and Latino
students made greater gains
than white stud
white students.
African - American 12th - graders
scored on average 30 points lower
than their
white peers on the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress math exam, while Hispanic
students scored 22 points lower.
Breaking the
scores down shows that African - American
students fare much worse
than their
white peers.
In Denver,
white students are much more likely
than Denver's majority racial - minority
student population to enroll in high -
scoring schools and in advanced courses.
In 2015, black
students had an average fourth - grade reading
score that was 33 points lower
than that for
white students, and this performance gap was not significantly different from that in 1998 (31 points).
The gains for Hispanic
students (five points) and black
students (three points) were greater
than those for
white students (one point), narrowing the
score gap among the groups from 2009.
However, black
students score consistently lower
than whites, regardless of the mix of black or
white students at a school.
Approximately 45 to 50 percent of low - income, Black, Hispanic, American Indian
students, and English language learners (ELL)
score below the basic level on the NAEP, while less
than 10 percent of high income,
White and Asian / Pacific Islanders
score below the basic level (NCES, 2001).
When the study compared
white students of similar backgrounds, they were not
scoring any better in the «
whitest» schools
than they were in the «blackest».
More
than three times as many English language learner
students score below the basic level on eighth - grade national math and reading exams as their
white, English - proficient peers.
Black or Hispanic
students similarly
score lower on standardized tests, on average,
than white or Asian
students.
And attending a school in which blacks and Hispanics make up more
than 75 percent of the
student body lowers achievement of black, Hispanic, and Asian
students but does not affect
white students (in some of the analyzed years it actually had a small positive influence on math test
scores for whites).
Coleman's arguments lamenting
students of color
score worse on the tests
than their
white peers — without acknowledging the ways in which systematic underfunding of schools, poverty, and institutional racism have disfigured our school system — end up pathologizing communities of color rather
than supporting them.
Never mind that, in Abigail Fisher's case, only five of the 47
students admitted with lower grades and test
scores than Abigail's were minority, while 42 were
white.
As a result, the test
score gaps between high - need
students and
white students are larger on the SBAC
than they were on CST for both math and ELA (Figure 1).3 In particular, the gap in math between EL
students and
white students was 80 percent on the SBAC, compared to 38 percent on the CST — in other words, the share of EL
students who met the standard for the SBAC was 80 percent lower
than the share of
white students who met those standards.
Across the 50 cities,
white students were four times more likely
than black
students to enroll in a top -
scoring elementary or middle school.
One of the biggest changes in achievement gaps between 1971 and 2012 is a 27 - point narrowing between the average reading
scores of black and
white 17 - year - old
students.The report's data indicate that such race - based gaps have narrowed because black and Hispanic
students have made larger gains
than their
white peers.
While black and Hispanic
students in particular have shown impressive gains over the years, their test
scores are still lower
than those of
white students, at both a district and statewide level.
According to KIPP, last school year, more
than 70 percent of Morfin's class
scored proficient or advanced in English on the California Assessment of
Student Performance and Progress state tests, while only 37 percent of California's Latino fifth - graders and 65 percent of their
white counterparts achieved the same results.
Meanwhile, 8th grade reading
scores were even worse — with 8th graders in 2015 also performing no better overall
than in 2000, but with the gap between Black and
White students remaining unchanged in that time and the gap between
students in poverty and
students not in poverty growing from 13 points to 23 points.
Those gaps remain substantial with black
students scoring about 10 to 11 percent lower
than white students in each grade and subject.
Second, the gains were larger for kids of color
than for
white students, suggesting that this could make a slight dent in longstanding test -
score gaps.
As a group, these mostly Hispanic
students have long
scored significantly lower
than their
white peers on standardized tests like the National Assessment of Educational Progress, known as the nation's report card.
Chicago test
scores are still about 1 to 1 1/5 below the national average, and the achievement gaps remain even though Hispanic achievement grew faster
than white students.
As a group, these largely Hispanic
students have persistently
scored significantly lower
than their
white peers on standardized tests like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), known as the nation's report card, despite increased attention to this «achievement gap.»