In 2014, NOAA News promoted another paper by Bednarsek about dissolving
sea butterfly shells with the headlines, «NOAA - Led Researchers Discover Ocean Acidity Is Dissolving Shells Of Tiny Snails Off The U.S. West Coast.»
Furthermore the horizontal depiction of extreme dissolution illustrated by their intact (green)
sea butterfly shell dissolving into an extremely shriveled shell (red), rarely if ever happens in the ocean's upper layers.
If you google «ocean acidification,» the first 3 websites presented according to «Google's truth rankings» are: 1) Wikipedia, 2) NOAA's PMEL site featuring the graphic cartoon shown below with a dissolving pteropod shell (a sea butterfly) as the icon of ocean acidification, and 3) the Smithsonian's Ocean Portal site similarly featuring a dissolving
sea butterfly shell.
Not exact matches
The «
sea butterflies» form their
shells from aragonite, a relatively soluble form of calcium carbonate.
Coral reefs sprawl across the ocean floor like multicolored forests, most with skeletons made of calcium carbonate — similar to the
shells of the
sea butterflies.
After five days,
sea butterflies living in normal water were better at building their
shells than the
sea butterflies living in the acidified water.
Marine animals like
sea butterflies and coral use calcification to build
shells and outer skeletons.
Themes:
Shells,
Sea, Stars, Aliens, Castles, Ladybirds,
Butterflies.
Although upwelling causes some near surface dissolution, dead
sea -
butterfly shells only experience such extreme dissolution when they sink to depths containing ancient corrosive waters.
Nina Bednarsek followed with a 2012 paper in which she too attributed
shell dissolution of a
sea butterfly (Limacina helicina) to increasing anthropogenic CO2.
Furthermore to counteract
shell dissolution in damaged areas,
sea butterflies rapidly repair their
shells by adding more calcium carbonate to the inside of the
shell.
Based on observations, they concluded
sea butterflies «are perhaps not as vulnerable to ocean acidification as previously claimed, at least not from direct
shell dissolution.»